静电纺纳米纤维集合体力学性能增强的研究现状

Research status of mechanical properties enhancement of electrospun nanofibrous assemblies

介绍了静电纺纳米单纤维结构调控及静电纺纳米纤维集合体力学性能增强的研究现状,并对今后提高静电纺纳米纤维材料力学性能的研究提出建议。静电纺纳米单纤维结构调控因素包括纺丝溶液性质、纺丝参数、环境因素等。静电纺纳米纤维集合体包括纳米纤维束及纳米纤维膜,纳米纤维束力学性能的增强方法包括热拉伸法、加捻法和化学法,纳米纤维膜力学性能的增强主要通过将纤维有序化,以及在纤维交接处形成黏连点等。此外,介绍了现阶段静电纺纳米纤维材料常用的力学性能测试方法,如采用原子力显微镜结合悬臂梁技术测试纳米单纤维的拉伸和弯曲性能、采用单纤维强力仪测试纳米纤维膜的拉伸性能等,但存在测试标准不统一的问题。今后对于静电纺纳米纤维集合体力学性能增强的研究主要是开发新的增强技术,制定统一的测试标准。

The research status of the structure control of electrospun nanofibers and mechanical properties enhancement of electrospun nanofiber assemblies was introduced.And some suggestions on improving the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers were put forward in the future.The structural control factors of electrospun nanofibers include spinning solution properties,spinning parameters,environmental factors and so on.Electrospun nanofiber assemblies include nanofiber bundles and nanofiber membranes.The mechanical properties of nanofiber bundles can be enhanced by thermal stretching,twisting and chemical methods,while the mechanical properties of nanofiber membranes can be mainly enhanced by ordering fibers and forming adhesion points at fiber junctions.And the commonly used methods for testing the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber materials were introduced at the present stage,such as atomic force microscope cantilever technology for testing the tensile and bending properties of single nano fiber,single fiber strength tester for testing the tensile properties of nanofiber membrane,etc.,but there are some problems of inconsistent test standards.In the future,the research on the enhancement of mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiberous assemblies will be mainly to develop new enhancement technologies and formulate unified test standards.