工矿城市矿业废弃地生态修复潜力综合评价——以茂名某露天矿区为例

Research on comprehensive evaluation of ecological restoration potential of mining wasteland in mining cities:a case of an open-pit mining area in Maoming

为科学评价废弃地的生态修复潜力并梳理修复重点和时序,以露天矿废弃地为评价对象,运用层次分析法构建生态修复潜力评价指标体系,并采用比率标度打分法对各项指标进行打分,借助统计分析方法获得权重值并建立修复潜力评价模型。结合茂名油页岩露天矿区的实际情况,以其主要功能区为评价区域,在权重结果基础上,利用专家调查法对各项指标打分,并进行层层线性加权以计算各个功能区的目标层综合得分,进行生态修复潜力次序评估。该定量定性相结合的潜力评价可为该片区正进行的生态修复厘清重点、优化修复次序给予决策支持。

To scientifically evaluate the restoration potential of abandoned land in mining areas and clearly sort out the restoration focal point and time sequence,this study takes the abandoned land of open-pit mines as the evaluation object and uses the analytic hierarchy process to establish an ecological restoration potential index system from five dimensions of topography,soil texture,climatic conditions,rain conditions,and current status of abandonment.Expert survey methods are used to compare and assign the importance of column and row vectors between each criterion level and between the index levels under the same criterion level using ratio scale scoring and the“pairwise comparison method”,constructing each criterion level.The judgment matrix of the lower index layer is used to calculate the weight of each index using AHP software and pass the consistency test to construct a repair potential evaluation model.The weight results show that the topography,landform,and soil conditions increase with decreasing the weight of rain conditions.Combined with the current situation of Maoming oil shale open-pit mining area,based on the weighted results,the expert survey method is used to score the various indicators of Maoming open-pit mine functional area according to corresponding scales and evaluation standards,and linear weighting is performed layer by layer to calculate each function.Based on the comprehensive scores of the target layer of the area,the results show that the open-pit mine has the highest potential score,followed by the dumping site,the washing pond again,and the red brick factory with the lowest score.According to the result,the ecological restoration order of the mining area can be ranked.The combined quantitative and qualitative potential evaluation can clarify the key points and optimize the restoration sequence,providing decision support for the ecological restoration in the area.