橘小实蝇对桃果实的产卵选择

Oviposition Preference of Bactrocera dorsalis on Peach

为评估橘小实蝇对桃果的危害风险,以‘大久保’‘、川中岛’‘、中蟠11’‘、岱妃’‘、中华寿桃’等品种及‘莱山蜜’未成熟、近成熟、成熟的果实为材料,探究橘小实蝇在不同品种及3个成熟度果实上的产卵量,测定不同桃果果实生理指标,分析果实品质与橘小实蝇产卵量的相关性;并选取在生产中较为常用的果袋,测定其对橘小实蝇产卵的阻隔效果。在不同颜色对比中,橘小实蝇产卵喜好程度由强到弱表现为红色>黄色>绿色;对于不同的品种,则表现为‘川中岛’>‘大久保’>‘岱妃’>‘中蟠11’;不同成熟度果实中,产卵量由高到低依次为近成熟>成熟>未成熟;纸袋和透明塑膜袋均可以完全阻隔橘小实蝇成虫产卵于桃果上,无纺布果袋与60目纱网袋可以部分阻隔橘小实蝇向果实产卵。本研究明确了橘小实蝇对桃不同品种及果实成熟度的偏好性,产卵选择会受到果实颜色、果皮结构、果肉硬度、内含物质等多因素影响;果实转色期是橘小实蝇的关键防控期,选择透光度好、孔隙小的果袋进行二次套袋,既可以控制橘小实蝇对中晚熟桃的危害,又能保证着色和提高糖度。

To evaluate the risk of Bactrocera dorsalis to peach,‘Okubo’,‘Kawanakajima’,‘Zhongpan 11’,‘Daifei’,‘Zhonghuashoutao’and the immature,nearly mature and mature fruits of‘Laishanmi’were selected as materials to explore the oviposition amount of B.dorsalis on different varieties and three mature degrees of peach.Then the physiological indexes were determined to analyze the correlation between fruit quality and the oviposition amount of B.dorsalis.And several kinds of fruit bags commonly used in production were selected to test their blocking effect on the oviposition of B.dorsalis.The observation of peaches of different colors showed that B.dorsalis preferred to lay their eggs on the bright red peaches,followed by the yellow peaches,and the least favorite was the green peaches.There was also a significant difference in the oviposition amount in different varieties of peaches,in an order of‘Kawanakajima’>‘Okubo’>‘Daizong’>‘Zhongpan 11’.Among the fruits with different maturity degrees,the oviposition amount was in an order of near mature>mature>immature.And the results showed that paper bag and transparent plastic bag could completely block the oviposition of B.dorsalis on peach fruit,while non-woven bag and 60 mesh bag could partially block the oviposition.The preference of B.dorsalis to different peach varieties and fruit maturity was determined.Oviposition preference is affected by fruit color,pericarp structure,pulp hardness and other factors.Fruit color changing period is the key control period of B.dorsalis.Selecting fruit bags with good light transmittance and small pores for secondary bagging can not only control the damage to B.dorsalis to mid-late ripening peach,but also ensure the coloring and improve the sugar content.