论利益归属对犯罪参与类型界分的影响 以财产性犯罪为中心

Influence of Interest Belonging on Distinction of Different Types of Joint offenders Focusing on Property Crime

中外司法实务在区分核心和次要的犯罪参与类型时,惯常地考虑参与人的利益归属情况。特别是对于财产性犯罪,直接突破了以构成要件为中心的区分模式,格外侧重于参与人对经济利益的归属。对此,学界尚未进行充分的理论诠释。在肯定利益归属影响论的基础上,将利益归属作为综合区分标准的影响因子之一的做法,不具有体系理性;将利益归属作为认定参与行为发挥的客观作用的间接事实,未体现关联性;将利益归属作为认定参与人主观意思的情状证据,不具有明确性。犯罪参与类型的区分标准具有递进序列的主客观层次,在确认参与人具有实施构成要件的具体行为能力的基础上,利益归属是推定参与人是否具有实施构成要件的行为意志的间接事实。财产性犯罪具有强烈的追求利益的经济性格,以利益归属推定参与人实施构成要件的行为意志,在财产性犯罪中具有更可靠的推定效果。

When distinguishing principal and secondary participants of joint crime,Chinese and foreign jurisprudence always considers the interests that participants get from crime participation.Especially for property crime,in many cases,the differentiation does not depend on the implementation of crime constitution,but on the economic interests of the participants.However,for this issue,the existing literature needs further improvement.It is not reasonable to consider interest belonging as one of the influencing factors of the comprehensive standard;it doesn’t show relevance to regard interest belonging as an indirect fact to identify the objective role of the participants;and it is not clear to regard interest belonging as evidence of mental elements of the participants.The standard of distinguishing different types of participants has a progressive sequence between objective and subjective elements.On the basis of confirming that the participants have the specific capacity to implement crime constitution,interest belonging is an indirect fact to infer whether the participants have the will to carry out crime constitution.Since property crime has a strong character of pursuing interests,it has higher credibility when using the factor of interest belonging to infer the will of the participants.