论著作权法的范式转换 从“权利”到“行为规制”

The Paradigm Shift of Copyright Law From“Rights”to“Behavior Regulation”

现行著作权法条文的构造具有浓厚的自然权理论色彩,重视对著作人身权的保护,且在处理著作财产权时拘泥于物权构造。静态思维的权利范式缺乏体系化思维,将著作权误解为对作品这一无体"物"享有的权利。然而,著作权的本质是行为规制,其对私人行动自由的限制程度较高。因此,著作权法的思维方式也需要从静态思维的权利范式转向动态思维的行为规制范式。动态思维的行为规制范式,既可以纠正政策形成过程中的利益倾斜问题,也可以弥补著作权法条文与使用者普遍认知之间的偏差。

The structure of the prevailing copyright law is firmly based on the classical theory of natural rights,attaching importance to personality rights,and adhering to the system of real rights when dealing with property rights.The rights paradigm of static conception lacks systematic consideration,and it misunderstands copyright as the right to the incorporeal“thing”.However,the essence of copyright is behavior regulation,and it restricts the freedom of private actions.Therefore,the conception of copyright law needs to change from the static paradigm of rights to the dynamic paradigm of behavior regulation.The behavioral regulation paradigm with dynamic conception can redress the interest-centric problem in the process of policy formation and make up the discrepancy between provisions of the copyright law and users’general awareness.