不同人参栽培土壤养分及微生物群落组成特征解析

Characteristics of Nutrients and Microbial Community Composition of Different Panax ginseng Cultivation Soil

为减轻参地需求压力,促进农田栽参的深度发展,本研究以农田、林地和4年参地土壤为研究对象,以常规分析为基础,结合高通量测序技术解析土壤养分及微生物群落特征,为农田栽参土壤定向改良提供依据。理化分析结果表明:4年参地土壤的pH最低,但其铵态氮、有效磷、全氮、全磷以及有机质含量显著高于农田及林地土壤。高通量测序结果揭示农田土壤细菌与真菌群落丰富度和多样性均高于参地且低于林地土壤。不同类型土壤中细菌门类组成基本相同,主要包括Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi等。Mortierella为林地土壤中的优势菌属,Fusarium大量存在于农田土壤中,参地检测到病原菌Sclerotinia的大量富集。db-RDA分析表明土壤pH、氮、磷和有机质含量对微生物群落结构均有影响,且环境因子与真菌群落相关性更强。因此对农田土壤进行有效改良应以控制真菌群落为主。

To alleviate the demand for ginseng soil and accelerate the development of cultivating ginseng in farmland,nutrients and microbial population in farmland soil,forest soil and 4-year ginseng-cultivated soil were investigated.The differences among the three kinds of soil were explored to provide a basis for improving farmland soil used for cultivating ginseng.High-throughput sequencing was used for investigating the microbial diversity and composition.The results of physical and chemical analysis show that the pH of 4-year ginseng soil is the lowest,but the contents of ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic matter are significantly higher than those of farmland and forest soil.The results of high-throughput sequencing show that the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in farmland soil are higher than those in 4-year ginseng-cultivated soil and lower than those in forest soil.The bacteria compositions in different soil are basically similar,mainly include Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi and so on.Mortierella is the dominant genus in forest soil.Fusarium is abundant in farmland soil,and the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria Sclerotinia is detected in 4-year ginseng-cultivated soil.The analysis of db-RDA reveals that the pH,and nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter contents could all affect the microbial community structure,and there is a stronger correlation between environmental factors and fungal community.Based on the above results,the effective improvement of farmland soil should focus on controlling fungal community.