黄淮海夏大豆干物质积累、转运及产量对播期的响应特征

Dry Matter Accumulation and Transfer and Yield of Summer Soybean in Huang-huai-hai Region:The Response to Sowing Time

为了明确播期对大豆干物质积累,花前、花后同化物转运及产量的影响,促进大豆新品种推广及高产稳产。以‘菏豆37’为试验材料,设置6月5日(D_(1))、6月15日(D_(2))、6月25日(D_(3))3个播期处理,用Logistic曲线方程,对数据进行分析。D_(2)播期下大豆营养器官、生殖器官及单株地上部进入干物质快速积累起始时间均最早,分别为第35、55、44天;持续时间均最长,分别为28、28、29天;最大干物质积累速率均最大,分别为0.78、0.67、1.33 g/(plant·d),出现时间也均最早,分别为第47、68、58天;花前(4.14 g/株)和花后(12.90 g/株)同化物转运量、花后同化物转运率(65.45%)及对籽粒的贡献率(75.68%)均最高;大豆产量最高,为3322.85 kg/hm^(2)。适期播种有利于大豆充分利用光热资源,促进干物质快速积累和转运,最终增加大豆籽粒产量。

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of sowing time on dry matter accumulation,assimilates transfer before and after anthesis and yield of soybean,and to promote the extension of new soybean varieties with high and stable yield.‘Hedou 37’was used as experimental material,and three sowing dates were set on June 5th(D_(1)),June 15th(D_(2))and June 25th(D_(3)).Logistic curve equation was used to analyze the data.Under D_(2) sowing date,the initial time of dry matter rapid accumulation in vegetative organs,reproductive organs and shoot of each plant was the earliest,which was the 35th,55th and 44th day,respectively.The duration was the longest,which was 28,28 and 29 days,respectively.The maximum dry matter accumulation rate was 0.78,0.67 and 1.33 g/(plant·d),respectively,and appeared at the 47th,68th and 58th day,respectively.The transfer amount of assimilates before anthesis(4.14 g/plant)and after anthesis(12.90 g/plant),the transfer rate of assimilates after anthesis(65.45%)and the contribution rate to grain(75.68%)were the highest,and the yield of soybean was the highest(3322.85 kg/hm^(2)).The suitable sowing time is beneficial to the full use of light and heat resources,can promote dry matter rapid accumulation and transfer,and ultimately increase soybean grain yield.