天问一号环绕器火星矿物光谱分析仪探测机理与仪器特性

Detection mechanism and instrument characteristics of the Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer for the Tianwen-1 orbiter

火星矿物光谱分析仪(MMS)是天问一号环绕器载的主要科学载荷之一,具备获取火星表面可见至红外谱段光谱图像的能力,服务于火星表面矿物组成和分布及化学成分与演化历史研究. MMS设计在火星椭圆轨道的远火点定标及近火点探测火星表面的光谱和空间信息,具备多点高光谱模式、多光谱成像模式等多种探测模式.本文重点对MMS的功能性能、探测机理、仪器组成、定标与验证、在轨工作模式与数据特性进行简要介绍,为火星相关科学研究提供参考.

The Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer(MMS) is the hyperspectral imager(0.379–1.076 μm at 2.73 nm/band,1.033–3.425 μm at 7.5 nm/band) on China’s first Mars exploration mission, the Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter. In an elliptical orbit, MMS uses far-fire point calibration and near-fire point push-broom imaging to obtain spectral and spatial information on the surface of Mars. MMS can obtain visible and infrared images with high-resolution reflectance spectra of the key areas of the Martian surface and can map the global surface using its multispectral mode. It is equipped with the option of performing continuous spectral sampling and interval sampling of the entire spectrum. Additionally, it has the ability to perform in-flight calibration. The article introduces the instrument’s structure and detection principle, as well as conducts laboratory calibration and ground verification to show that the instrument meets the detection requirements. Planetary scientists will utilize MMS to acquire spectral data from the surface of Mars and evaluate the types, contents, and geographic distribution of minerals on the surface of Mars, providing critical support for elucidating the evolution of Mars.