天问一号火星着陆巡视器推进系统特点及飞行分析

Characteristics and flight performance of the Tianwen-1 Mars Lander propulsion system

天问一号火星着陆巡视器推进系统的结构质量和尺寸严格受限,针对常规推进系统方案无法满足要求的难题,采用中压双组元推进系统和7055高强度材料壳体推进剂贮箱,实现了轻质、小型化的目标.发动机的室压约2 MPa.相对于传统推进系统方案,重量减少约53 kg,高度减少约919 mm.这是中压双组元推进系统首次在宇航领域应用.本文结合天问一号火星着陆巡视器主要任务特点,介绍了推进系统方案、组成、技术特点、关键技术及攻关情况,对飞行试验验证情况和推进系统性能进行了分析.结果表明,推进系统功能和性能满足要求,工作可靠,关键技术得到了验证,飞行试验取得圆满成功.中压双组元推进系统的研制及应用可为后续深空探测任务提供重要参考.

The weight and size of the propulsion system for the Tianwen-1 Mars Lander are strictly restricted.Instead of a commonly used propulsion system,a medium-pressure two-propellent propulsion system and tanks with a shell of 7055 high strength material are used to realize the target of lightness and miniaturization.The chamber pressure is approximately 2 MPa.Compared with traditional propulsion systems,the weight is reduced by approximately 53 kg and the height is reduced by approximately 919 mm.This is the first application of a medium-pressure two-propellent propulsion system in the aerospace field.We analyze the system design,components,technical characteristics,key technologies,and solutions,and finally describe the flight performance of the propulsion system.The results indicate that all functional and technical indexes meet the target well,the propulsion system works reliably,key technologies have been proven,and the flight of the Tianwen-1 was successful.This article provides important references and guidance for the design and application of medium-pressure two-propellent propulsion systems for future complex deep space probes.