编制受控词表的著作权侵权风险及其应对策略

On the Risks of Copyright Infringement in Compiling Controlled Vocabularies and Their Countermeasures

受控词表是由众多科研人员和组织机构共同参与和协同编制的术语规范控制词表,在信息组织、检索、标引和描述中发挥着重要作用。由于受控词表的内容构成具有特殊性,编制过程存在复杂性,且当前对其法律范围的界定存在模糊性,因此在编制受控词表过程中可能发生侵权问题。明晰编制受控词表过程中可能涉及的侵犯他人著作权风险的类型及所需承担的责任,有助于构建规范合理的受控词表著作权管理规范,促使受控词表编制主体更加切实地保护自身合法权益,减少或避免编制受控词表产生的侵权纠纷问题。文章应用内容分析法和比较研究法,结合著作权权利归属的法律条例和政策指南,以STKOS超级科技词表为例,剖析编制受控词表过程中可能发生的侵害他人著作权的风险类型及侵权责任,据此提出应对受控词表编制著作权侵权风险的策略:受控词表编制者应明确词表的合理使用范围和保护权限,合理控制引用比例,在获取词表授权许可的前提下探索受控词表著作权的集体管理模式。

Controlled vocabularies are carefully selected and organized lists of words and phrases,which are coauthored by many researchers and institutions. They play an important role in the organization,retrieval,indexing and description of information. Clarifying the risks of copyright infringement and their corresponding responsibilities involved in the process of preparing controlled vocabularies can help to construct a standardized and reasonable mechanism for the copyright management and coordination of controlled vocabularies, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the pertinent parties of controlled vocabularies,and reduce or avoid the risks of copyright infringement in the compiling of controlled vocabularies. Based on a comprehensive understanding of relevant laws,regulations,and policies,and by means of both content analysis and comparative research,this paper analyzes the risks of copyright infringement in compiling controlled vocabularies and their corresponding responsibilities,taking STKOS as an example. It is found out that there might be copyright infringement risks in terms of the preparation of vocabularies,the complexity of the preparation process,and the ambiguity of the legal scope. It is suggested that the compilers should make clear the reasonable scope of the use and protection of controlled vocabularies, determine a reasonable proportion of citation, and actively explore the collective management mechanism of controlled vocabularies’ copyright under the premise of getting authorized.