资本空间化和空间资本化:理论进路和中国镜鉴

Capital Spatialization and Spatial Capitalization:Its Theoretical Exploration and Chinese Experience

伴随城市化和全球化的迅速发展,资本与“空间定势”的内在关联不断凸显。马克思在政治经济学研究中,就已率先注意到空间不仅作为一种资本扩张手段被利用,且空间自身已经成为一种可生产剩余价值的稀缺资本,即一方面是资本空间化,另一方面是空间资本化。当代以列斐伏尔、哈维为代表的西方左翼学者从空间地理角度,对资本的空间化进行了更加充分的论证,强调空间作为一种“经济资本”有其自身的“商品属性”,同时作为一种“政治资本”通过“权力渗透”属性使资本获取权力价值,较为完整地彰显了资本与空间互动的双重逻辑。对资本、空间双重互动的合理与有效规避,预防资本对城市空间的主宰和城市空间的过度资本化,是新时代我国城市空间建构和发展难以回避的重大课题。

The rapid development of urbanization and globalization has given prominence to the inherent relationship between capital and its“spatial fixation”.In his studies of political economics,Karl Marx noticed for the first time that space is not only employed by capital as a means of its expansion,but also becomes a rare capital itself.That is,on the one hand,capital becomes spatialized.On the other,space becomes capitalized.Contemporary Western left-wing scholars like Lefebvre and Harvey have more fully demonstrated the spatialization of capital from the perspective of spatial geography,emphasizing that space as a kind of“economic capital”has its own“commodity attributes”.At the same time,as a“political capital”it has a power value through the“penetration of power”,which more fully reveals the dual logic of the interaction between capital and space.Reasonable and effective avoidance of the dual interaction of capital and space,prevention of capital domination of urban space and excessive capitalization of urban space are major issues that have to be resolved in the construction and development of urban space in China in the new era.