日本小学母语教材知识体系的构建及对我国的启示

Knowledge System Building of the Mother Language Teaching Materials in Japanese Primary Schools and Its Enlightenment to China

日本国语教育中“语言知识”的内涵不仅包括音、字、词、语法的知识,还包括文体、逻辑、信息处理、传统语言文化等,涵盖面广、内容丰富。从国家教育主管部门的理念来看,日本在定位语言知识体系的问题上走过承认、摒弃、强调、再摒弃的过程,但现行的学习指导要领有明显强化和重视语言知识的倾向。日本2020年起全国开始更换新版的国语教材,教材中语言知识严格按照学习指导要领所要求的内容进行编排,尤其重视词汇量的积累,在安排语言知识时有侧重点和节奏感,呈现方式多样。对我国的启发有四点:可提升应用知识体系的学习难度;小学阶段可加入信息处理的相关知识;可加强对母语语言情感的培养;教材的具体编排技巧还可改进。

the connotation of"language knowledge"in Japanese national language education includes not only the knowledge of sound,character,word and grammar,but also the knowledge of style,logic,information processing and traditional language culture,which covers a wide range and is rich in content.From the perspective of the national education authorities,Japan has gone through a process of recognition,abandonment,emphasis and re-abandonment in the orientation of language knowledge system,but the current learning guidelines tend to strengthen and attach great importance to language knowledge.Japan started to change the new version of the national language textbooks from 2020.The language knowledge in the textbooks is arranged in strict accordance with the content required by the learning guidelines,with special emphasis on the accumulation of vocabulary.In arranging the language knowledge,there is emphasis and sense of rhythm,and presented in various forms.There are four inspirations for our country:we should dare to improve the learning difficulty of applying knowledge system,add relevant knowledge of information processing in primary school,improve the specific arrangement skills of teaching materials and pay attention to students'emotional cultivation of language knowledge.