被遗忘权范式下裁判文书上网后撤回机制的检视与优化--基于131份撤回文书及《个人信息保护法》的定向分析

Review on the Withdrawal Mechanism for Judicial Documents Online under the Paradigm of the Right to Be Forgotten

不恰当公开的裁判文书可能会对当事人权益、司法公信力等造成不可逆转的负面影响。完善上网文书的撤回机制,是法院风险控制和自我纠错的重要手段。通过对裁判文书上网后撤回的样本进行实证分析发现,操作规范的缺失使得实践层面审查程序无法可依,大大影响了纠错功效的发挥。结合被遗忘权对撤回机制进行深入理论分析,从公权力、私权利的角度分析确定当事人的程序地位,从司法知情权、个人隐私权的角度判断是否应当撤回,从审判权、审判管理权的角度明确撤回的审查程序,从独占化、共享化的角度分析如何实现撤回效果。最后以法院需求为出发点,提出公共利益优先、程序正当、可分割性、可识别等原则,从实务角度提出相应的可行性优化建议。

Inappropriate disclosure of judgment documents may cause irreversible negative effects on the rights and interests of the parties and judicial credibility.Improving the withdrawal mechanism of online judgment documents is an important means of court risk control and self-correction.Through empirical analysis of the samples withdrawn after the judgment documents are online,it is found that the lack of operating norms makes the review procedures at the practical level impossible to follow,which greatly affects the effectiveness of error correction.Combining the right to be forgotten,conduct an in-depth theoretical analysis of the withdrawal mechanism,analyze and determine the procedural status of the parties from the perspective of public power and private rights,and determine whether it should be withdrawn from the perspective of judicial information and personal privacy rights.From the perspective of clarifying the review procedure of withdrawal,analyze how to achieve the effect of withdrawal from the perspective of exclusiveness and sharing.Finally,based on the needs of the court,the principles of priority of public interest,due process,severability,and identifiability are put forward,and corresponding feasible optimization suggestions are put forward from a practical point of view.