我国机电装备国际贸易发展态势研究

Research on the International Trade Development Statuses and Trends of Chinese Electro-Mechanical Equipment

我国各类机电装备出口规模变动表现出类似阶段性:1995—2008年,超高速增长;2008—2011年,高速增长;2011—2019年,小幅正增速增长。我国各类机电装备向发展中市场出口占比都经历了先降再升,目前大部分类别占比过半。2019年,我国全部机电装备国际贸易实现大额正盈余,但汽车、航空航天和金属加工三小类对世界贸易的盈余额仍未转正;2015年后我国全部机电装备出口的世界市场占有率基本稳定,其中航空航天、汽车、金属加工和专用机器四小类出口市场占有率仍较低,但可能仍在上升趋势中。国际贸易发展态势特征表明,我国各类机电装备产业的国际市场竞争力总体保持持续上升态势。建议采取深化市场开拓、重视短板产业、推动研企交流和加强工程联动等措施,继续提升我国各机电装备产业的国际竞争力。

The export scale trends of all categories of the Chinese electro-mechanical equipments(CEME)display similar features in stages’growth speed:Super high speed in1995-2008,high speed in2008-2011,and moderate positive speed after2011.The ratios of exportation values towards the developing partners of all categories had firstly decreased and secondly increased,and thirdly relatively stabilized,then most of these ratios in2019 were higher than half.The trade surplus-value of total CEMEs in2019 reached high,whereas those of the sub-categories of road vehicles,aircraft&spacecraft,metal working machinery were still minuses.the export-market-share-ratio(EMSR)in whole world of total CEMEs became relatively stabilized after2015,the EMSRs in whole world of Aircraft&spacecraft,Road vehicles,Metal working machinery,and Specialized machinery were in relative lower levers in2019,but these EMSRs may still in rising trends.The statuses and trends illustrate that the International Competitiveness of all categories of the CEMEs had remained been in rising trends.The paper suggests measures including deepening market expanding,specially noticing weaker categories,propelling exchange between researchers and enterprises,strengthening connectivity with engineering projects.