体育的概念、特征及功能——新时代体育学基本理论元问题新探

The Concept,Characteristics and Functions of Sport——New Exploration on the Meta-problems of the Basic Theory of Sport in the New Era

体育概念、特征及功能不仅是体育实践不可或缺的理性支撑,也是体育理论不可或缺的基石。本文立足新时代新发展阶段的历史方位,依托几代体育学者的研究成果,通过对历史渊源的追溯,现今实践的考量,未来发展的预测,对体育概念、特征及功能这些关乎体育基本理论的核心命题进行了观点阐述:体育是人类以身体活动为基本手段,认识自我、完善自我,进而促进社会发展的实践活动;体育的特征是以身体活动为手段,以人自身的发展为目的,以主客体同一为存在方式,以人文精神为价值导向;教育是体育的本质功能,因体育促进人的身、心、群和谐与全面发展的直接目的而产生;体育在社会、政治、经济、文化、生态等领域发挥的作用,是体育的派生功能,是体育的本质功能在各领域的延伸。

The concept, characteristics and functions of sport are not only the indispensable rational support of sport practice, but also the indispensable foundation of sport theory. Standing on the historical position of new era and new developmental stage, and based on research findings of generations, through reviewing history, considering presents, and predicting future, the study put forward opinions on the core topics of sport concept, characteristics and functions: Sport is a practical activity, in which people use physical activity as the basic method to realize, improve themselves, and promote the development of the society. The characteristics of sport are that people use physical activity as method, existing in the way of unity of subject and object, take selfdevelopment as purpose, and take humanistic spirit as values. The essential function of sport is education, which is generated from the direct purpose of sport promoting the harmonious and well-rounded development of people’s body, mentality, and communities. The influence of sport on society, economy, culture, ecology is the derived function of sports, which is the extension of the essential function of sport in all areas.