优秀短跑运动员苏炳添阻力跑和助力跑训练研究

Research on Resisted Sprint and Assisted Sprint Training of Excellent Sprinter Su Bingtian

目的:探究优秀短跑运动员苏炳添1个赛季中不同训练阶段阻力跑和助力跑训练负荷特征及训练效果。方法:运用跟踪记录法对苏炳添同一赛季不同训练阶段阻力跑和助力跑的训练负荷参数进行测试和记录,使用Microsoftexcel 2016软件对数据进行对比分析。结果:1)教练员主要采用17.1%~37.1%BW的阻力负荷和5~20 m的练习距离来提高苏炳添的起跑能力;采用10%~17.1%BW阻力负荷和30~40 m练习距离来提高苏炳添的加速能力。2)采用8.6%~10%BW助力负荷、86.4%~99.1%V_(max)助力速度和20~40 m牵引距离来提高苏炳添的次最大速度条件下跑动技术的稳定性;采用8.6%BW助力负荷,99.1%~102%V_(max)助力速度和20 m牵引距离来提高苏炳添最大速度能力。3)苏炳添常用的辅助性练习阻力负荷为2.9%BW、练习距离为40~45 m,小栏架跑的阻力负荷为9%~11.4%BW、练习距离为30~50 m。结论:苏炳添阻力跑和助力跑训练在发展起跑、加速跑及加速跑能力方面具有明显的效果,根据不同训练阶段和专项需求,系统、交替地安排阻力跑和助力跑训练是苏炳添在60 m和100 m两个项目上均取得重大突破的主要原因之一。

Objective:To explore the characteristics and training effects of resisted sprint and assisted sprint training load in different training stages of elite sprinter Su Bingtian in one season.Methods:The training load parameters of resisted sprint and assisted sprint in different training stages of Su Bingtian in 2018 season was tracked and recorded,then the Microsoft Excel 2016 software was used to compare and analyze the data.Results:1) The 17.1%~37.1%BW resistance load and 5~20 m practice distance were mainly used to improve Su’s starting ability,and a resistance load of 10%~17.1%BW and a practice distance of 30~40 m were used to improve Su’s acceleration ability;2) The 8.6%~10%BW power load,86.4%~99.1%V;power speed and 20~40 m traction distance were used to improve Su’s running stability during the maximum speed;a 8.6%BW power load,99.1%~102%V;power speed and 20 m traction distance were used to improve Su’s maximum speed capability;3) The commonly used resistance load in auxiliary training was 2.9%BW,the training distance was 40~45 m,and the resistance load of small hurdle running was9%~11.4%BW and the training distance was 30~50 m.Conclusions:The resisted sprint and assisted sprint training improved the starting,acceleration and acceleration abilities of Su Bingtian in the 2018 season.According to different training stages and the specific requirements,the systematacially and alternately arrangement of resisted sprint and assisted sprint training were the main reasons for Su Bingtian to make breakthrough in both 60 m and 100 m sprint in 2018 season.