中早熟梨树新品种金光的选育

Breeding report of a new middle-early ripening pear cultivar Jinguang

金光是从黄金梨实生苗中选育出的中早熟梨树新品种。树势中等,树姿半直立。果实扁圆形,果形指数0.88,果皮黄绿色,表面光滑,蜡质中等,果点少,果皮薄,无果锈。果心中到大,果肉白色,不易褐变,汁多,肉质松脆,无石细胞,甜。萼片脱落或宿存。平均单果质量320.6 g,最大单果质量605.3 g,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)12.5%,可滴定酸含量0.10%,维生素C含量1.03 mg·100 g^(-1),果实硬度5.8 kg·cm^(-2)。出汁率85.48%,梨汁黄白色,甜,不易褐变。出干率12.27%,梨干浅黄色,酸甜,有特殊的香气。在石家庄地区,金光果实8月上旬成熟,果实生育期122 d左右。丰产、稳产性好,耐寒性强,抗黑星病。7 a生树666.7 m^(2)产量3163.8 kg。适宜在河北省石家庄、邢台、邯郸及生态条件类似地区栽培。

Jinguang is a new middle-early ripening cultivar selected from the seedlings of Huangjin pear in 2010.After regional adaptability testing at three sites including Shijiazhuang,Xingtai,and Handan in Hebei province from 2013 to 2020,Jinguang obtained the variety patent in July 2020.The SSR molecular marker analysis showed that its female parent should be Huangjin,the male parent should be Huangguan.Huangjin is precocious and productive with high resistance to cold and sca.The tree has moderate vigor with semicircular crown and semi-upright gesture.The fruit is oblate in shape,yellow green in color.Fruit cores are medium to large,the pulps are white,juicy and crispy,not easy to become browning.The average fruit weight is 320.6 g,the maximum single fruit is 605.3 g,the fruit length and diameter are 7.23 cm and 8.22 cm,and the fruit shape index is 0.88.The soluble solid content is 12.5%,the titratable acid content 0.10%,and the vitamin C 1.03 mg·100 g^(-1).The hardness of flesh is 5.8 kg·cm^(-2).The juice yield of the fruit is 85.48%,the color of the juice is yellowish white,sweet.The dry rate of flesh is 12.27%.The fruit development period is about 122 days and it matures at the early August in Shijiazhuang.The average fruit set per inflorescence is 3.63 under the condition of natural pollination.The semi lethal temperature of annual dormant branches is-28.97℃,the young fruit can endure-4.4℃for 3.5 hours.It is resistant to scab but susceptible to dry rot.The fruits can be stored at room temperature for about 14 days,stored at (0±1)℃and relative humidity of 90%-95%for more than 180 days.It is suitable for cultivation in Shijiazhuang,Xingtai,Handan and other areas with similar ecological conditions in Hebei province.The tree is suitable for dense planting and has medium branching ability.The density of planting is 2 m×(3-4)m.Huangguan,Yali and Xueqing pear are the most suitable pollination trees for it,and the configuration of pollinizer is (4-5)∶1.