“选声品色”活动对清代戏曲文化的影响

The Influence of“Selecting Voices and Tasting Beauty”in Qing Dynasty Opera Culture

“选声品色”是清代戏曲活动中一个极具文化特色的内容。它来源于中国古代的人物品鉴传统,发展至清代,品题优伶随着戏曲的繁荣而成一时之盛,并且男旦成为被品评的主要对象。这种评品最开始是为了娱乐消遣,至清代中后期则功利性凸显,关注者越来越多,出现了大量的梨园花谱。“选声品色”对伶人的市场身价、文化素养提高、社会地位提升都产生了极大影响,同时加剧了伶人的内部分层。另一方面,改变了卷入其中的文士们的娱乐生活、交际范围、创作激情和经济利益。它见证了清代戏曲的发展过程,直接影响到清代戏曲的社会地位、传播范围、消费市场、角色系统,值得深入探讨。

"Xuansheng pinse"(selecting voices and tasting beauty)was a culturally distinctive activity in the Qing dynasty opera culture.It originated from the ancient Chinese tradition of evaluating of individuals,and developed into a successful event of evaluating opera singers in the Qing dynasty as opera flourished.Nan dan(male actor performing as a female role)became the main target.This kind of appraisal was firstly for entertainment,but in the middle and late Qing Dynasty,the utilitarian nature became an increasing concern,and a numerous theatre scores appeared.It had a great impact on the market value of the actor,the improvement of culture and social status,and the elevation of the actor’s social status.Conversely,it changed the entertainment life,the social sphere,the creative passion and the economic interests of the literati involved,and witnessed the development of Chinese opera in the Qing dynasty to directly influence its social status,scope of transmission,consumer market and character system.There is great value in researching it further.