黄斑厚度与儿童屈光性弱视眼的相关性研究

Correlation between macular thickness and refractive amblyopia in children

目的探究黄斑厚度与儿童屈光性弱视眼的相关性。方法选择2017年5月至2019年6月荆门市中医医院眼科就诊的非斜视性屈光参差性单眼弱视者53例(53眼)作为弱视组,另选择同期55例(55眼,均取右眼)正常体检儿童作为对照组。应用光学生物测量仪(IOLMaster)和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检测受试者受视眼屈光度、眼轴长度及各黄斑参数,分析两组差异,并采用Pearson相关性分析黄斑平均厚度与儿童屈光性弱视的相关性。结果两组受视眼眼轴长度、等效球镜度差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);弱视组黄斑中上方最厚,其次是鼻、下、颞侧,对照组鼻侧最厚,其次是上、下、颞侧,此外弱视组外环黄斑厚度上、鼻、下、颞侧均较对照组厚(P<0.05),黄斑平均厚度[(283.8±16.2)μm比(277.6±11.7)μm]也较对照组厚(P<0.05);弱视组内男性与女性病儿黄斑平均厚度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示黄斑平均厚度与眼轴长度呈正相关(r=0.429,P=0.009),与等效球镜呈负相关(r=−0.345,P=0.039)。结论儿童屈光性弱视眼黄斑中心凹及外环区比正常眼厚且厚度排序不同,特别是外环各象限黄斑厚度增加最为明显。

Objective To investigate the correlation between macular thickness and refractive amblyopia in children.Methods Fif⁃ty-three patients with nonstrabismus anisometropic monocular amblyopia who visited the Department of Ophthalmology,Jingmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,from May 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the amblyopia group,and 55 children with normal physical examination results during the same period were selected as the control group.The diopter,axial length and macular parame⁃ters of the subjects were detected with an optical biometric instrument(IOL Master)and optical coherence tomography(OCT),and the differences between the two groups were analyzed.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between mean macular thick⁃ness and refractive amblyopia in children.Results There were significant differences in the axial length and equivalent spherical pow⁃er of the affected eyes between the two groups(P<0.05);the middle and upper parts of the macula in the amblyopia group were the thickest,followed by the nasal,inferior and temporal sides,while in the control group,the nasal side was the thickest,followed by the superior,inferior and temporal sides.In addition,the outer ring macular thickness in the amblyopia group was thicker than that in the control group on the upper,nasal,lower and temporal sides(P<0.05),and the average macular thickness[(283.8±16.2)μm to(277.6±11.7)μm,P<0.05]was also higher than that in the control group.There was no significant difference in the average macular thickness between boys and girls in the amblyopia group(P>0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the average macular thickness was positively correlated with axial length(r=0.429,P=0.009),and negatively correlated with spherical equivalent(r=−0.345,P=0.039).Conclusion The macular fovea and outer ring area of children with refractive amblyopia are thicker than those of normal eyes,and the order of thickness is different;in particular,the increase in macular thickness in each quadrant of the outer ring is the most ob⁃vious.