德国行业协会参与职业教育治理的经验与启示

Experience and Enlightenment of German Industry Association Participating in Vocational Education Governance

行业协会参与职业教育治理是我国治理体系和治理能力现代化进程中的重要一环。纵观德国职业教育治理进程,行业协会在其中发挥着独特功能,在需求导向、协调共享、监测调控互动中形成了特有的运行机制。德国行业协会参与职业教育治理的经验包括:遵循法律法规,参与行业职业标准制定;深入企业职业教育资质认定,灵活监管调控;秉持服务理念,充分发挥中介作用;参与跨企业培训中心的职业教育,多元筹备经费。行业协会的深度参与使德国职业教育处于世界领先水平。反思我国行业协会参与职业教育治理的现状可知,我国行业协会在参与职业教育治理过程中应完善法律法规体系,优化行业协会的治理能力,强化政府的服务意识,简政放权,构建完整的财政保障机制。

The participation of industry associations in vocational education governance is an important part of the process of the governance system modernization in China. Looking at the governance process of German vocational education, industry associations play a unique part in it, and form their unique operating mechanism in demand orientation, coordination and sharing, monitoring and regulation interaction. The experience of German industry associations in participating in vocational education governance includes following laws and regulations, participating in the process of setting professional standard of the industry;going deeply into the setting of enterprise vocational education qualification certification, and have a flexible supervision and regulation;adhering to the service concept and giving full play to the intermediary role;participating in the vocational education of cross-enterprise training centers, raising funds in diversified ways. The in-depth participation of industry associations promotes German vocational education to be at the top level in the world. Reflecting on the current situation of industry associations’ participation in vocational education governance in China, we can see that industry associations should improve the law and regulation system in the process of participating in vocational education governance, optimize the governance capacity of industry associations, strengthen the government’s service awareness, streamline administration and delegate power, and build a complete financial guarantee mechanism.