水氮调配对等行距机采棉土壤、叶片水分及棉铃分布的影响

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Adjustment on the Distribution of Soil,Leaf Moisture and Bolls of Cotton Harvested with Equal Row Spacing

【目的】研究适合等行距机采棉生长的最优水氮投入。【方法】以新陆中88号为供试材料,总滴灌量3800 m^(3)/hm^(2),总施氮量320 kg/hm^(2),设置3种灌水方式W_(1)、W_(2)、W_(3),3种施肥方式N_(1)、N_(2)、N_(3),分析土壤含水率、叶片含水率、棉铃时空分布、农艺性状、产量性状。【结果】W_(2)、N_(2)灌水施肥方式下,土壤含水率相对稳定,更好地给植株提供所需的营养物质。且棉花叶片保持功能的时间较长;W_(2),N_(2)灌水施肥方式下,棉株成铃数较多,且呈筒状分布,更适宜机械采收;W_(2),N_(2)灌水施肥方式下,植株获得的单铃重和单株结铃数均达到最高,最高产量为7070.84 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】W_(2)、N_(2)灌水施肥方式为最优水氮投入。

【Objective】To seek the optimal water and nitrogen input suitable for the growth of cotton harvested by equal row spacing machine.【Methods】Under the condition of total drip irrigation volume of 3,800m^(3)/hm^(2) and total nitrogen application rate of 320 kg/hm^(2),Xinluzhong 88 was taken as the test material,and 3 irrigation methods W_(1),W_(2),W_(3),and 3 fertilization methods N_(1),N_(2),N_(3) were set to study soil moisture content,leaf moisture content,spatiotemporal distribution of cotton bolls,agronomic traits,and yield traits,etc.【Results】Under W_(2) and N_(2) irrigation and fertilization methods,the soil moisture content was relatively stable,thus providing the plants with the better required nutrients.In addition,cotton leaves maintain their function for a longer time;under W_(2),N_(2) irrigation and fertilization methods,cotton plants produced more bolls and were distributed in a tube shape,which was more suitable for mechanical harvesting;under W_(2),N_(2) irrigation and fertilization methods,the both of the boll weight and the number per plant reached the highest at 7,070.84 kg/hm^(2).【Conclusion】W_(2) and N_(2) irrigation and fertilization methods are the optimal water and nitrogen input.