油菜-烤烟种植模式对烟叶产质量影响

Effects of Rape-Flue-cured Tobacco Planting Pattern on Tobacco Yield and Quality

为提升烟叶质量和拓宽烟农增收渠道,研究了冬闲期种植双低甘蓝型油菜品种,油菜全部做绿肥翻压还田(YY处理)和油菜收薹后剩余部分做绿肥翻压还田(YT处理),然后接茬种植烤烟,研究不同处理对烟田土壤改良、烟株生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,YT处理油菜翻压生物量较YY处理减少59.0%,但可收获菜薹24153.2 kg/hm^(2),同时随收薹携出烟田土壤氮45.3 kg/hm^(2)。2个处理均提高了0~20 cm土层土壤有机质含量,增加了土壤酶活性。其中,YT处理烟株生长发育适中和后期烟叶成熟落黄较好,烤后烟叶产质量明显提高,烟叶还原糖含量较高,化学成分更加协调,烟叶产值较YY处理提高了5578.5元/hm^(2)。综合分析认为,在土壤基础肥力偏高情况下,冬闲期种植双低甘蓝型油菜,油菜先收薹,然后剩余部分做绿肥翻压,在改良烟田土壤同时增加一季菜薹,可以实现一菜两用,同时还有助于提高烤后烟叶质量。

In order to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and broaden tobacco farmers'income channels,the effects of the planting of double low(low erucic acid and low glucosinolate)Brassica napus in winter on soil,growth and quality of tobacco leaves were studied in tobacco field.The results showed that in the mode of returning all rape green manure to field,the biomass of rape was 23212.5 kg/hm^(2).In the mode of first harvesting Brassica napus bolt and returning remained rape green manure to field,the biomass of returning rape green manure was reduced by 59.0%,but the yield of Brassica napus bolt was 24153.2 kg/hm^(2).And 45.3 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen contents left tobacco field with bolt harvesting.Two planting modes could improve the contents of organic matter,increase the soil enzyme activities of 0-20 cm soil layer,promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco plant in the early stage,finally improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and make the chemical composition of flue-cure tobacco leaves more harmonious.Comparing the two planting treatments,the reduction sugar content of flue-cure tobacco leaves was higher,the chemical composition was more coordinated,and the output value of tobacco leaves was increased by 5578.5 yuan/hm^(2) in the treatment of first harvesting Brassica napus bolt and returning remained rape green manure to field.According to the comprehensive analysis,when the soil basic fertility was high,planting double-low Brassica napus in the winter,first harvesting Brassica napus bolt and returning remained rape green manure to field,this treatment could improve the soil of tobacco field and increase output value of Brassica napus bolt,more importantly improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.