摘要
为提升烟叶质量和拓宽烟农增收渠道,研究了冬闲期种植双低甘蓝型油菜品种,油菜全部做绿肥翻压还田(YY处理)和油菜收薹后剩余部分做绿肥翻压还田(YT处理),然后接茬种植烤烟,研究不同处理对烟田土壤改良、烟株生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,YT处理油菜翻压生物量较YY处理减少59.0%,但可收获菜薹24153.2 kg/hm^(2),同时随收薹携出烟田土壤氮45.3 kg/hm^(2)。2个处理均提高了0~20 cm土层土壤有机质含量,增加了土壤酶活性。其中,YT处理烟株生长发育适中和后期烟叶成熟落黄较好,烤后烟叶产质量明显提高,烟叶还原糖含量较高,化学成分更加协调,烟叶产值较YY处理提高了5578.5元/hm^(2)。综合分析认为,在土壤基础肥力偏高情况下,冬闲期种植双低甘蓝型油菜,油菜先收薹,然后剩余部分做绿肥翻压,在改良烟田土壤同时增加一季菜薹,可以实现一菜两用,同时还有助于提高烤后烟叶质量。
In order to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and broaden tobacco farmers'income channels,the effects of the planting of double low(low erucic acid and low glucosinolate)Brassica napus in winter on soil,growth and quality of tobacco leaves were studied in tobacco field.The results showed that in the mode of returning all rape green manure to field,the biomass of rape was 23212.5 kg/hm^(2).In the mode of first harvesting Brassica napus bolt and returning remained rape green manure to field,the biomass of returning rape green manure was reduced by 59.0%,but the yield of Brassica napus bolt was 24153.2 kg/hm^(2).And 45.3 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen contents left tobacco field with bolt harvesting.Two planting modes could improve the contents of organic matter,increase the soil enzyme activities of 0-20 cm soil layer,promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco plant in the early stage,finally improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and make the chemical composition of flue-cure tobacco leaves more harmonious.Comparing the two planting treatments,the reduction sugar content of flue-cure tobacco leaves was higher,the chemical composition was more coordinated,and the output value of tobacco leaves was increased by 5578.5 yuan/hm^(2) in the treatment of first harvesting Brassica napus bolt and returning remained rape green manure to field.According to the comprehensive analysis,when the soil basic fertility was high,planting double-low Brassica napus in the winter,first harvesting Brassica napus bolt and returning remained rape green manure to field,this treatment could improve the soil of tobacco field and increase output value of Brassica napus bolt,more importantly improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.
作者
刘巧真
阎小毛
曾超
蔡宪杰
吴照辉
许成悦
宋艳丹
王孟孟
郭芳阳
LIU Qiao-zhen;YAN Xiao-mao;ZENG Chao(Tobacco Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xuchang,Henan 461000;Dengzhou Branch of Nanyang Tobacco Company,Dengzhou,Henan 474100)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2022年第5期31-34,共4页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省科技厅项目“绿肥-烤烟轮作生态高效种植模式研究”(182102110477)
河南省烟草公司许昌市公司科技项目“减氮降氯提质增效土壤保育模式创新研究”(2018411000240046)
上海烟草集团有限责任公司项目“提升烟叶质量均质化的关键生产技术研究与推广”(K2018-1-011P)
上海烟草集团有限责任公司项目“提升河南烟叶均质性的生产关键技术的研究与集成”(2020310000140575)。
关键词
烤烟
油菜薹
油菜还田
烟叶质量
Flue-cured tobacco
Brassica napus bolt
Returning rape green manure to field
Quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves