不同护坡模式下的高路堑边坡水土流失研究

Study on Water and Soil Erosion of Deep Cutting Slope under Different Slope Protection Modes

通过测定不同护坡模式(A区拱形骨架护坡,B区拱形骨架+植草护坡,C区拱形骨架+六棱砖护坡,D区拱形骨架+六棱砖+植草护坡)下的水土流失状况,筛选出适宜该研究区的护坡模式。结果表明:不同护坡模式下土壤结构产生了一些变化,其中A区的土壤容重增幅最大(11.96%),C区次之,B区第三,增幅分别为8.55%和6.84%,而D区增幅最小(3.42%)。A、B、C和D区均以面状侵蚀为主,其中A区比B区分布有更多的侵蚀沟,且A区比B区侵蚀更深;C区和D区以六棱砖为单元形成上深、下浅的侵蚀状态,且C区比D区侵蚀更深。4种护坡模式下的土壤侵蚀模数表现为A区>C区>B区>D区,且土壤侵蚀模数随着时间的推移呈逐渐下降的趋势。拱形骨架+六棱砖+植草护坡模式的防护效益最优。采用该护坡模式能够有效改善土壤结构,减少水土流失。因此,建议在类似地区采用该护坡模式,以提高边坡的稳定性和安全性。

We determined the soil and water erosion conditions under different slope protection modes to select the suitable slope protection modes for the study area.The results showed that the soil structure changed under different slope protection modes(A,arch skeleton slope protection;B,arch+hexagonal brick slope protection;C,arch+grass slope protection;D,arch+hexagonal brick+grass planting,the same below).The largest increase amplitude of soil bulk density was the largest(11.96%)in area A,followed by area C(8.55%)and area B(6.84%),and the increase amplitude of soil bulk density was the lowest(3.42%)in area D.Area A,B,C and D were dominated by areal erosion.There were more erosion gullies in area A than in area B,and the erosion in area A was deeper than that in area B.The erosion state in area C and D was formed by hexagonal brick,and the erosion in area C was deeper than that in area D.The soil erosion modulus of four different slope protection types was A>C>B>D,and the soil erosion modulus decreased gradually with time.The slope protection mode of arch+hexagonal brick+planting grass had the best protection benefits,which could effectively improve the soil structure and reduce soil erosion.Therefore,area D was suggested to be used in similar regions,so as to improve the stability and safety of slope.