疫苗技术的研究进展

Recent progress in vaccine technology

疫苗是预防和控制传染病最经济、有效的手段,疫苗接种是通过诱导机体产生保护性免疫应答来预防和控制人类和动物疾病的常规方法。面对当今重大、复杂、突发、高变病原体,传统疫苗学方法难以满足需求,新型疫苗技术是应对未来全球健康挑战的有利武器。未来疫苗技术要着眼于更合理、更精准和更高效,保证安全性的同时,最大程度提高疫苗效力。此文梳理了目前疫苗技术的研究进展,并指出了未来的发展趋势,有利于提升对未知病原体的探索和主动防御的共识,促进创新性疫苗技术体系的发展。

Vaccines are the most economical and effective means to prevent and control infectious diseases.Vaccination is a conventional method to prevent and control human and animal diseases by inducing the body to produce a protective immune response.Facing current major,complex,emerging,and highly variable pathogens,traditional vaccinology methods are facing difficulties to meet the needs.Novel vaccine technology is a favorable weapon to deal with future global health challenges.Future vaccine technology should focus on being more reasonable,precise,and efficient,ensuring safety,and maximizing vaccine potency.This review summarizes the recent progress of vaccine technology and points out the future development trend,which is conducive to enhancing the consensus on the exploration and active defense of unknown pathogens,and then promoting innovative vaccine technology systems.