黑格尔的绝对知识——《精神现象学》第八章新解

Hegel’s Absolute Knowing: A New Interpretation of the 8th Chapter of Phenomenology of Spirit

“绝对知识”章极为简短,由对全书各章的回顾、对近代哲学背景下关键概念的再宣示和对科学体系的预示三部分组成。这一章相较于其他各章与日后的科学体系而言,在内容上似乎无所增益,但这并不意味着本章没有特别的任务和价值。就外延而言,绝对知识并不包含什么新内容,前几章已经探讨了现象学的全部对象;但就内涵而言,绝对知识并非仅仅要与宗教(表象思维)一争短长,而是要使既有的内容呈现新的意义(概念思维)。本章论述了意识凭借其在绝对知识层面终于达到的一种独特运行方式,即在外化为自然与精神的各种形态的同时深入事情的核心,才具备了进入科学体系的条件,因而在《精神现象学》与《逻辑学》之间构成一个不可或缺的关键枢纽。

The 8th chapter of Phenomenology of Spirit titled “Absolute Knowing” is very brief, and consists of three parts, namely a retrospection of the previous chapters, a reaffirmation of some crucial concepts of early modern philosophy, and a prediction of the system of science. Compared with other chapters in this work and the later system of science, this chapter seemly has added nothing in content, but this does not mean that it has no special task and value. In terms of extension, absolute knowing, as indicated by previous chapters, includes indeed no new content;but in the case of implications, absolute knowing does not only contend with religion(representative thinking), but also endows the given content with new meaning(conceptual thinking). By means of one distinctive way of operation, which is achieved at last by consciousness in the sphere of absolute knowing, namely internalizing deep into the kern of things while externalizing as various forms of nature or spirit, this chapter satisfies the condition of entering into the system of science. So this chapter plays the part of one crucial hinge between Phenomenology of Spirit and The Science of Logic.