从分家文书看清代福建的家族制度

The Family System of Fujian in Qing Dynasty from the Documents of Family Separation

分家文书是了解一个家族分家情况、家族制度的重要史料。文章基于从目前福建出版的几本契约文书汇编本中收集到的四十余份清代福建分家文书,阐述家族制度在这些分家文书中的印记,从而探寻清代福建家族制度中的几个特色,如格外偏重男丁,重视家族公产,坚持聚族而居的建筑风格,强调在家族中有重要发言权的角色等方面。

Family separation documents are important historical materials to understand the situation of family separation and the family system. Based on the over 40 documents of family separation in Fujian in Qing Dynasty collected in a few compiled books of contract documents published in Fujian currently, this paper expounds the trace of family system in these documents of family separation. Several characteristics of family system of Fujian in Qing Dynasty are explored, such as particular focus on males,particular stress on public family property, adherence to the architectural style of the whole clan living together, and emphasis on the role who has important voice in the family.