煤矸石综合利用研究进展

Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization of Coal Gangue

煤矸石是我国目前排放量最大的矿山固体废弃物之一,其排放和堆存造成了资源浪费、环境污染等问题。从煤矸石的资源特性出发,系统论述了煤矸石资源化利用的途径和研究现状,主要有:提取和回收煤矸石中煤炭、硅、铝、钛等有用组分;制备用于废水处理的光催化剂、吸附剂和沸石分子筛;代替黏土矿物生产混凝土、水泥、砖等建筑材料;改良土壤、制备育苗基质、肥料等;作为充填材料进行采空区回填、路基充填、煤矿塌陷区复垦等;发电以及制备纸张等。我国煤矸石的资源化利用刚刚起步,整体利用率未达到理想水平,因此煤矸石资源化利用的研究应该注意地域差异、分批资源化及二次污染问题。通过对当前煤矸石综合利用最新研究现状的归纳整理,有利于系统性了解煤矸石资源化利用的优势与不足,以期为煤矸石的综合利用提供参考和借鉴。

Coal gangue is one of the largest mine solid wastes in China,and its discharge and stockpiling have caused resource waste,environmental pollution and other problems.Starting from the resource characteristics of coal gangue,this paper systematically discusses the ways and research status of coal gangue resource utilization,mainly including:extracting and recovering useful components such as coal,silicon,aluminum,and titanium in coal gangue;preparing waste water treated photocatalysts,adsorbents and zeolite molecular sieves;instead of clay minerals to produce concrete,cement,bricks and other building materials;modifying soil,and preparing seedling substrates and fertilizers,etc.;as a filling material for goaf backfilling,roadbed filling,reclamation of subsided areas in coal mines,etc.;power generation and paper preparation,etc.The utilization of coal gangue resources in our country has just started,and the overall utilization rate has not reached the ideal level.Therefore,the research on the utilization of coal gangue resources should be focused on regional differences,batch recycling and secondary pollution.By summarizing and sorting out the latest research status of the current comprehensive utilization of coal gangue,it is beneficial to systematically understand the advantages and disadvantages of the utilization of coal gangue resources,so as to provide a certain reference for the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue.