采空区处理与卸压开采回顾与展望

Review and prospect of abandoned stope disposal and pressure relief mining

采空区处理是我国及采矿不发达国家特有的难题,深部开采是国内外采矿业发展的必然趋势。采空区存在和深部开采都必然诱发高地压灾害。回顾了卸压开采理论及采空区处理与卸压开采理论指导下创新的新方法。回顾表明,切顶卸压理论是采空区处理与卸压开采领域的原创性理论,其特点是控制爆破切断一定深度的顶板并就地堆筑成支撑顶板的堆石坝,从而消除或转移高地压;采空区处理与卸压开采有机结合,切顶堆石坝不仅能封隔水平至倾斜的大面积采空区,而且借助矿房崩落充填的思想还能封隔急倾斜大面积采空区,为全面实现无废开采和矿柱全采创造条件;在切顶卸压理论指导下,钻爆法是实现采空区处理与卸压开采有机结合的灵活手段。

The abandoned stope disposal is a special problem in China and underdeveloped countries.Deep mining is an inevitable trend of the development of mining industry at home and abroad.The existence of goaf and deep mining will inevitably induce the disaster of high ground pressure.This paper reviewed the theory of pressure-relief mining and the new method innovated under the guidance of the theory of abandoned stope disposal and pressure-relief mining.It is pointed out that the theory of roof-cutting and pressure-relief is an original theory in the field of forsaken stope disposal and pressure-relief mining.It is characterized by cutting off the roof of a certain depth by controlled blasting and building up rock-fill dam supporting the roof,thus eliminating or transferring the high ground pressure.With the combination of abandoned stope disposal and pressure-relief mining,the rock-fill dam with cut-off roof can not only seal the large-area forsaken stope from horizontal to inclined,but also can seal the steep inclined large area abandoned stope by the idea of cave-in filling in the ore house,and conditions have been created for the full realization of wasteless mining and full-pillar mining.Under the guidance of roof-cutting and pressure-relief theory,drilling-blasting method is a flexible means to realize the organic combination of forsaken stope disposal and pressure-relief mining.