催化剂还是负作用?--家庭因素、工作时间与女性幸福感研究

Positive or Negative Effect?--Family Factors,Working Hours and Female Happiness

资源最优配置是经济学界的核心议题,时间是最宝贵的资源,决定着个体生命的质量与意义。使用2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,选择女性群体为研究对象,并引入家庭因素,实证检验工作时间和幸福感的关系,研究发现,女性工作时间与幸福感呈倒U型关系,具有激励与抑制双重叠加效应,工作时间为每周42小时左右有助于女性实现幸福感的最大化。进一步研究发现,子女数量和家庭收入均会使这种倒U型关系变得平缓,并且家庭收入的提高会使工作时间与幸福感倒U型曲线转变为平滑的U型曲线。研究结果对标准工时制度及家庭友好的时间支持政策的完善具有一定启示。

Optimal allocation of resources is the core issue of economics,and time is the most precious resource determining the quality and significance of individual life.Using the data from the 2018 China household tracking survey(CFPS),this article examines the relationship between working hours and well-being by introducing family factors.The study found that:women's working hours and well-being showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with"motivation"and"inhibition"double overlapping effect,and working hours about 42 hours per week helps women achieve the maximum subjective well-being;further,both the number of children and family income smooth the inverted U-shaped relationship,and higher family income turns the inverted U-shaped curve of working time and happiness into an l-shaped curve.Accordingly,in the standard working hours,family-friendly time support policy was inspired.