长江中下游流域人类活动对湿地生态系统的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Human Activities on Wetland Ecosystemin the Lower-and-Middle Section of Yangtze River

采用2000~2020年土地利用数据,对长江中下游流域近20年人类活动强度及湿地景观格局的变化进行了系统性分析。结果表明:①湿地景观总面积整体增加约1660 km^(2),河渠、人工水库坑塘面积增幅11%以上,湖泊、沼泽地面积降幅9%左右,滩涂、滩地面积较为稳定;②人类活动强度增长近3.17%,建设用地当量增幅约27.72%,长江及其支流、通江湖泊的人类干扰活动不断增强,这也是洞庭湖等大型湖泊面积减少的主因;③受人类活动的影响,湿地破碎化较为严重。为此,提出了正确处理人与湿地之间的关系,是修复长江及通江湖泊湿地的关键所在。

Based on the land-use data from 2000 to 2020,the changes of human activity intensity of land surface and wetland landscape pattern in the lower-and-middle Section of Yangtze River in recent 20 years were systematically analyzed.Results showed that:①The total area of wetland landscape increased by about 1660 km^(2);the area of rivers,reservoirs and ponds increased by more than 11%;the area of lakes and swamps decreased by about 9%,and the area of floodplains was relatively stable;②The equivalent area of construction land increased by about 27.72%,and the human activity intensity of land surface increased by nearly 3.17%.The human disturbance activities of the Yangtze River,its tributaries and Yangtze River-connected Lakes were increasing,which was also the main reason for the reduction of the area of large lakes such as DongTing Lake;③Affected by human activities,wetland fragmentation was more serious.How to correctly deal with the relationship between human and wetland was the key to the restoration of the Yangtze River and Yangtze River-connected Lakes.