恩施州草食畜牧业发展布局及思路分析

Development Layout and Thinking of Herbivorous Animal Husbandry in Enshi Prefecture

草山草坡是中国南方地区天然草原的重要组成部分,在发展高效草食畜牧业方面具有巨大潜力。湖北省恩施州是中国南方典型的草食畜牧业分布区域,宜牧草山草坡资源丰富,然而近年来养殖模式落后、草山草坡利用率低,导致恩施州草食畜牧业发展受到制约。受山地条件限制,恩施州养殖设施化水平不高,草食畜主要采用半舍饲半放牧方式,家庭养殖占主导地位,规模化程度较低,虽然有大面积的天然草场,但全州可利用草地自然退化、石漠化面积约占50%,每年还需从外地大量购买饲草。通过分析恩施州各市县草场及饲草料供应情况,对草食畜牧业发展进行空间布局,使土地资源和农业副产物得到充分利用,通过构建粮经饲兼顾、农牧业结合、生态循环发展的种养体系,打造草食畜牧业全产业链条,促进区域经济实现绿色发展,并针对各市县产业存在的短板提出发展策略。

Grass Mountain and grass slope is an important part of the natural grassland in southern China, which has great potential in the development of efficient herbivorous animal husbandry. Enshi prefecture of Hubei province is a typical distribution area of herbivorous animal husbandry in southern China,and it is rich in suitable forage mountain and grass slope resources. However, in recent years, the backward breeding mode and low utilization rate of Grass Mountain and grass slope have restricted the development of herbivorous animal husbandry in Enshi prefecture. Due to the limitation of mountain conditions, the level of aquaculture facilities in Enshi prefecture is not high, herbivores mainly adopt the mode of half house feeding and half grazing, family farming is dominant and the degree of scale is low. Although there are a large area of natural grassland, the area of natural degradation and rocky desertification available in Enshi prefecture accounts for about 50%, and a large amount of forage grass needs to be purchased from other places every year. By analyzing the supply of grassland and forage in each city and county of Enshi prefecture, spatial layout for the development of herbivorous animal husbandry were made to make full use of land resources and agricultural by-products, through building a planting and breeding system with consideration of grain,economy and feeding, combination of agriculture and animal husbandry and ecological circular development,a whole industrial chain of herbivorous animal husbandry was built, so as to promote the green development of regional economy, and development strategies for the shortcomings of industries in various cities and counties were put forward.