中国粮食绿色生产效率分析及对策

Analysis and Countermeasures of Green Grain Production Efficiency in China

自2015年《农业部关于大力开展粮食绿色增产模式攻关的意见》提出以来,粮食绿色生产备受关注和重视。在梳理粮食绿色生产相关研究成果的基础上,利用非期望产出的超效率SBM模型和Tobit回归分析模型,从粮食绿色生产效率的角度着手,对影响中国粮食绿色生产效率的因素进行分析,并基于分析结果对如何推进粮食绿色生产效率进行了反思。结果显示,近年来中国主销区的粮食绿色生产效率相较于主产区、平衡区普遍较低,三大粮食功能区在粮食绿色生产效率方面存在较大的差异;影响粮食绿色生产效率的因素主要包括农作物受灾率、规模化和机械化水平、家庭经营收入情况、补贴政策等。基于此,可通过加强农业基础设施建设、生产技术推广及增加农业绿色生产补贴力度等措施进一步推进粮食绿色生产的效率。

Since carrying out the Opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on Vigorously Carrying out the Research on the Model of Green Grain Production in 2015, green grain production has attracted much attention. On the basis of sorting out the current situation of literature research on grain green production, the factors influencing grain green production efficiency in China were analyzed from the perspective of grain green production efficiency by using the super efficiency SBM model of unexpected output and Tobit regression analysis model, and based on the analysis results, how to promote the efficiency of grain green production was reflected. The results showed that in recent years, the grain green production efficiency of China’s main sales areas is generally lower than that of the main production areas and balanced areas, and there are great differences in the grain green production efficiency of the three major grain functional areas, the factors that lead to the green production efficiency of grain mainly include the disaster rate of crops, the level of scale and mechanization, household business income, subsidy policies and so on. Based on this, the efficiency of green grain production can be further promoted by strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure,promoting production technology and increasing subsidies for agricultural green production and so on.