“文化实践”:在实践哲学的谱系内——早期文化研究思潮的“文化实践”理论

“Cultural Practice”in Practical Philosophy:“Cultural Practical”Theory in Early Cultural Research

无论是当代西方马克思主义还是中国特色社会主义,几乎不约而同地都把目光聚于文化,强调文化在批判发达资本主义,建设中国特色社会主义的重要意义这意味着提出了一种新的实践形态和实践领域——文化实践。本文论述了早期文化研究思潮的“文化实践”理论并把它安置在实践哲学的谱系中,认为亚里士多德“伦理-政治”实践哲学已经蕴含了实践与文化关系的某些线索,但是这一线索并未彰显出来,其实践哲学主要存在于政治领域。马克思“劳动-社会”的实践哲学把实践置于社会领域,社会包含了文化,然而出于现实的需要,马克思主要强调了社会的制度和组织方面。为了理解无产阶级在发达资本主义社会的革命动力问题,早期文化研究思潮挖掘和彰显了马克思社会实践的文化内涵,系统论述了文化实践理论,构建了文化实践的新模式。这是在当代全球化时代,适应时代发展的实践形式;它有力地批判了单一的经济决定论,为实践哲学开辟了可能性;它使马克思的“劳动-社会”实践哲学潜在的文化意义彰显出来,使马克思的社会实践理论更加完整;它关注大众文化实践,加强了马克思实践哲学的反精英主义。

Both contemporary Western Marxism and socialism with Chinese characteristics focus on culture;they emphasize the significance of culture in criticizing developed capitalism and strengthen the importance of culture in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. This means that a new form and field of praxis-cultural praxis-is being proposed. This paper discusses “cultural practical”theory in early cultural research and situates it in the context of practical philosophy. It holds that the practical philosophy of the “ethicspolitics”of Aristotle,whose practical philosophy was mainly concerned with politics,contains some unnoticed clues about the relationship between praxis and culture. Meanwhile,Marx’s practical philosophy of “laborsociety”situated praxis in the social context and included culture as a part of society. However,due to the needs of reality,Marx mainly emphasized the system and organization of society. In order to understand the revolutionary power of the proletariat in developed capitalist society,early cultural research has explored and demonstrated the cultural connotations of Marx’s social practice and systematically discussed the theory of cultural practice,constructing a new form of cultural practice. This is a practical form adapted to the contemporary era of globalization;it strongly criticizes absolute economic determinism and opens up the possibility of practical philosophy. Moreover,it manifests the cultural significance of Marx’s “labor-society”practical philosophy and further completes Marx’s theory of social practice. Additionally,it focuses on mass cultural practice and strengthens the anti-elitism of Marx’s practical philosophy.