“发大声于海上”——论鲁迅文学发生的蒋百里之环与“中国路径”

The Encounter with Jiang Baili and“Chinese Path”for the Occurence of Lu Xun's Literature

鲁迅与蒋百里在东京留学界相遇,浙江同乡会及其会刊《浙江潮》为二人提供了思想交流的公共空间。作为超级读者的鲁迅,不仅认可与接受了《浙江潮》,而且成为其重要的译者与作者。“国魂”与“尚武”之说引起鲁迅的共鸣,并由此开启了改造国民性的文学之路。蒋百里触发了鲁迅的第一篇小说译/作《斯巴达之魂》。没有“飞生”,或许不会有“自树”,没有《国魂篇》,或许也不会有《斯巴达之魂》。在鲁迅文学发生的综合机制里,浙江同乡会及其组织者蒋百里是被长期忽视的重要一环。民族主义促进了鲁迅“国民”意识的觉醒,尚武精神也内化为鲁迅的“战士”气质。关于“鲁迅的青年时代”,明治日本与西方文化的影响当然是重要的,但并非是唯一的,“中国影响”与“中国路径”也同样需要认真对待。

Lu Xun and Jiang Baili met each other when they studied in Tokyo,where the Zhejiang Association and its journal Zbejiang Tide(《浙江潮》)provided a public space for them to exchange ideas.As a super reader,Lu Xun not only recognized and accepted Zbejiang Tide,but also turned to be its important translator and author.The ideas of“national soul”(“国魂”)and“martial spirits”(“尚武”)resonated with Lu Xun and thus opened his literary road to transform the national character.Jiang Baili triggered the first translation of Lu Xun,“The Soul of Sparta”.Without“Fei Sheng”,there might not have been“Zi Shu”;without“national soul”,there might not have been“The Soul of Sparta”either.In the comprehensive mechanism of the occurrance of Lu Xun's literature,the role of the Zhejiang Association and its organizer,Jiang Baili,have long been overlooked.Nationalism contributed to the awakening of Lu Xun's national consciousness,and martial spirits was internalized into Lu Xun's temperament as a warrior.When it comes to the issue of“Lu Xun's youth”,while the influence of Meii Japan and Western culture is certainly crucial,“Chinese influence”and“Chinese path”also need to be taken seriously.