断路器触头磨损研究综述

Review of research on contact wear of circuit breakers

断路器使用过程中会发生触头磨损现象,为提高断路器使用寿命需对断路器触头磨损进行研究分析。断路器动、静触头间产生的电弧是一个涉及多学科交叉耦合的问题,目前对断路器触头电弧侵蚀磨损的物理机理和电弧特性了解不够全面。断路器触头在电弧烧蚀产生的局部高温处,触头材料的物理特性产生局部变化,进而造成常温区域的触头间机械磨损与高温区域触头间机械磨损不一样。本文以断路器触头磨损为研究对象,从电弧侵蚀磨损和触头机械碰撞磨损两个方面,综述国内外断路器电弧侵蚀数学模型、电弧特性、机械磨损机理以及触头碰撞机械磨损的特性,并对断路器触头磨损的研究进行展望。

The contact wear of circuit breaker always occurs during its use.The research on the wear of the circuit breaker is a key issue to improve the service life of the circuit breaker.The arc study involves multidisciplinary including plasma physics,electromagnetic field,fluid dynamics,heat conduction etc.The physical mechanism about current arc contact erosion of the circuit breaker and the understandings of the arc characteristics of is not perfect clear yet.Due to the local high temperature generated by the ablation of the arc,the physical properties of the contact materials are locally different,which in turn causes different types of contact mechanical wear in the room temperature state and the high temperature state of the arc ablation.In this paper,aiming at two aspects of arc erosion wear and contact mechanical collision wear,arc erosion mathematical model,arc characteristics,mechanical wear mechanism and the characteristics of contact collision mechanical wear are discussed.Finally,an outlook on the next research work on circuit breaker contact wear is put forward.