考虑碳排放和班轮联盟合作的航线网络优化模型

Shipping Network Optimization Model Considering Carbon Emission and Liner Alliance Cooperation

【目的】考虑到碳税的征收和班轮联盟运营成为主流,对该趋势下航线网络设计问题进行研究。【方法】采用合作博弈和逆优化理论,构建混合整数规划模型。该模型基于班轮联盟承运人之间的舱位交易活动,同步决策班轮航线网络设计方案、船队设计方案、航速方案、货物运输方案以及各承运人之间的舱位交易价格,该价格可确保各承运人按联盟整体收益最大的货物运输方案运营时,都能获得自身最大收益,从而确保了联盟合作的达成。采用遗传算法框架,设计模型的求解算法。【结果】基于亚欧航线实际运营数据,设置不同运价和碳税费率的案例,进行了灵敏度分析,结果显示不同情境下的航线网络方案中,碳税支出和联盟合作方案有所不同。【结论】运价对联盟网络结构和收益分配有明显影响:随着运价的提升,网络结构复杂性增强,市场份额高的承运人投资收益率更高;征收碳税明显改变了船舶运营策略:随着碳税费率的升高,船舶短途运输航程明显增加,承运人倾向于选择增加船舶数量,降低航速运营。

[Purposes]Considering the imposition of carbon tax and alliance operation becoming the mainstream of liner shipping industry,the problem of shipping network design is studied under this trend.[Methods]A mixed integer network optimization model is established by using cooperative game theory and inverse optimization idea.On the basis of considering the cost of carbon tax and alliance cooperation,the fleets and freight demands of the alliance members are integrated to optimize the alliance shipping network scheme,fleet deployment scheme,cargo transportation scheme,sailing speed scheme and a unified set of fleet capacity trading prices with the greatest overall benefit of the alliance simultaneously,and that set of fleet capacity trading prices can ensure that the greatest overall benefit scheme of the alliance can be realized when each carrier carries out fleet capacity trading activities according to its own interests maximization.Genetic algorithm framework is used to design the algorithm of the model.[Findings]Based on the actual operation data of the Asia-Europe route,the cases of different freight rates and carbon tax rates are set to carry out sensitivity analysis.The results indicate that carbon tax expenditure and alliance cooperation method are different in different cases.[Conclusions]The experimental results show that the freight rates have a significant effect on the network structure of the alliance and benefit distribution.With the increase of freight rates,the complexity of network structure increases,and the carrier with higher market share has higher rate of return on investment.The imposition of carbon tax systems significantly changes the ship operation strategy.With the increase of carbon tax rate,the ship’s short-distance voyages increase,and the carriers tend to increase the number of operating ships and reduce the sailing speed.