人类命运共同体与“真正的共同体”关系再辨

More On the Relationship between the Human Community with a Shared Future and the“Real Community”

人类命运共同体与"真正的共同体"这对范畴,其内涵既有联系和一致的方面,也存在较大的差异,总体来说"异大于同",以"小同大异"界说二者关系较为准确。人类命运共同体主要指一种社会状态,而非社会形态;"真正的共同体"则主要用来指未来理想的社会形态。人类命运共同体作为一种世界样态,其基本特征是全球私有制主导、两制国家并存基础上的和而不同;真正的共同体,作为未来理想社会,其首要特征是天下归一、世界大同。人类命运共同体超越了民族主义的窠臼,彰显了世界主义立场;"真正的共同体"则超越了原子个体主义,体现了集体主义原则和国际主义立场。人类命运共同体的基本行为主体是主权国家,直接解决的是国家命运问题,本质是不同国家和平发展、合作共赢;"真正的共同体"的基本行为主体是个人,直接解决的是个体命运问题,本质是每个人自由全面发展。构建人类命运共同体是世界历史进程中的阶段性目标,是全人类的最低纲领;"真正的共同体"是世界历史进程中的最终目标,是全人类的终极纲领。世界各国团结起来,就是人类命运共同体;沿着人类命运共同体的道路接力下去,终将通往"真正的共同体"。

As a pair of categories,the connotations of the human community with a shared future and the“real community”are not only consistent,but also quite different.Generally speaking,their differences are greater than similarities.It is more accurate to define the relationship between the two by minor similarities and major differences.The human community with a shared future mainly refers to a social state rather than a social form;the real community is mainly used to refer to an ideal social form in the future.The human community with a shared future,as a kind of world state,is characterized by harmony in diversity based on the dominance of global private ownership and the coexistence of the two systems;with regard to the real community,as an ideal society in the future,its primary characteristic is the unity of the world.The human community with a shared future transcends the stereotype of nationalism and highlights the position of cosmopolitanism;the real community surpasses atomic individualism and embodies the principle of collectivism and the position of internationalism.In the human community with a shared future,the basic actor is the sovereign state,it directly addresses national destiny,and its essence is the peaceful development and win-win cooperation of different countries.In the real community,the basic actor is the individual,it directly addresses individual destiny,and its essence is to ensure that everyone develops freely and comprehensively.Building the human community with a shared future is an initial goal in the process of world history and the minimum program of all humanity;a“real community”is the ultimate goal in the process of world history and the ultimate program of all humanity.When all countries are united,they are a human community with a shared future.If this community moves on,it will eventually lead to the“real community”.