苏联经典文本与延安整风运动——以《共产主义运动中的“左派”幼稚病》为中心的考察

Soviet Classical Textbook and the Yan’an Rectification Movement——An Investigation Centering on The“Left”Infantile Disease in the Communist Movement

延安整风运动期间,为了恢复马克思主义实事求是的思想路线,中共在全党范围内展开了一场深入持久的思想改造运动,并辅之以学习由中央指定的阅读书目。在众多学习材料中,毛泽东十分重视和强调对《共产主义运动中的“左派”幼稚病》一书的阅读,该书也由此成为了延安整风期间全党理论学习的重要材料,并在思想方法的改造方面发挥着积极作用。列宁的这部著作虽然不是专门谈论思想方法的书籍,但是却在具体事例的阐释中彰显了马克思主义思想方法的核心要义,因而更加适合对理论水平不高的党员进行思想方法的改造。这是毛泽东在整风运动中积极推介这一域外文本的重要原因。

During the Yan’an Rectification Movement,in order to restore the Marxist ideological line of seeking truth from facts,the CPC launched an in-depth and lasting ideological reform movement throughout the party,supplemented by studying the reading list designated by the central government.In numerous learning materials,Mao Zedong attached great importance to reading The“Left”Infantile Disease in the Communist Movement,the book therefore became an important material for the whole party to study the theory during the Rectification of Yan’an,and played a positive role in the reform of ideological methods.Although the Lenin’s work is not a book specifically about ideological methods,it highlights the core essence of Marxist ideological methods in the explanation of specific cases,so it is more suitable for reforming the ideological methods of party members with low theoretical level.This is an important reason why Mao Zedong actively promoted this foreign textbook in the rectification movement.