陕北人生仪礼歌谣中的生命、性别与情感——基于近代方志与现代出版资料的民族志考察

Life,Gender and Emotion in the Ballads of Life Rituals in Northern Shaanxi——Ethnographic Investigation Based on Modern Local Chronicles and Modern Published Materials

陕北民间人生仪礼歌谣主要表现为诞生满月歌、嫁娶歌、祝寿歌、丧葬歌等形式。人生仪礼歌谣的核心是对生命仪礼进程的铺垫与集体情感的凝聚与塑造,既融入对两性不同生命阶段的身份与角色的界分,又表达对生命状态的情感体验,始终围绕生命仪礼及其诵唱活动成为人生仪礼中宣表生命意识及情感体验的生活实践。陕北人生仪礼歌的生成围绕生命历程、性别期待与情感生活进行,蕴含其间的质朴和热烈情感被共时性地唤醒、激发而成集体情感并经历近现代一致性地传承,融入陕北民众赓续不息的生命、角色分明的性别与热烈饱满的情感而悠远绵长。

Northern Shaanxi folk life ritual songs are mainly manifested in the forms of birth song,wedding song,birthday song,funeral song,and so on.The core of the ballads of life etiquette is to lay the foundation for the process of life etiquette and the cohesion and shaping of collective emotions.It not only integrates the distinction between the identities and roles of the two sexes in different life stages,but also expresses the emotional experience of the state of life.Life rituals and ballads have always revolved around life rituals and their chanting activities to become life practices that declare life consciousness and emotional experience in life rituals.The generation of life ritual songs in Northern Shaanxi revolves around life history,gender expectations and emotional life.The simplicity and warm emotions contained in it are awakened and stimulated synchronically to form collective emotions,which are passed down consistently in modern times.It integrates into the continuous lives of the people in Northern Shaanxi,the genders with distinct roles,and the passionate and full emotions.