《孟姜女调》流布考辨

An Investigation into the Distribution of Meng Jiangnv Tune

《孟姜女调》在中国传统音乐中具有一定曲牌意义,它的起源有“春调”说、“凤阳歌”说和“月子弯弯照几(九)州”说三种。经过对《中国民间歌曲集成》为主要曲谱来源进行统计,目前《孟姜女调》主要的流传有:作为《孟姜女调》“拟母曲”的江苏民歌《孟姜女》,主要流行于苏南地区;以唱词为“孟姜女故事”的同词同曲之《孟姜女调》,主要流行于江苏省、秦陇晋地区以及关东与齐鲁燕赵地区;唱词内容为孟姜女故事,但曲调却与《孟姜女调》调系南辕北辙的一系列民间曲调的同词异曲之《孟姜女调》,主要流行于秦陇晋地区以及其他零散分布。从音乐形态角度上,秦陇晋地区的此类曲调变化最大,可能与当地的“长城文化”有关;而齐鲁燕赵地区、中州地区由于临近吴越,曲调旋律变化较小。

In traditional Chinese music,Meng Jiang Nu Tune has a certain qupai significance.It has three origins:"Spring Tune","Fengyang song"and"Yuezi Wanwan Zhaoji(nine)states".According to the statistics of Chinese Folk Songs as the main source of music score,the main spread of Meng Jiangnv Tuneat present is as follows:The Jiangsu folk song Meng Jiangnv Tune,as the"quasi-mother song"of Meng Jiangnv Tune,is mainly popular in southern Jiangsu;Meng Jiangnv Tune,with the same lyrics and melody as the story of Meng Jiangnv,is popular in Jiangsu Province,The Qinling-Longjin region,as well as the Regions of Guandong and Qilu-Yanzhao.The content of the lyrics is the story of Meng Jiangnu,but the tune is a series of folk tunes that are different from Meng Jiangnv Tune.Meng Jiangnv Tune is mainly popular in Qin,Longjin and other scattered distribution.From the perspective of musical form,the variation of such tunes in Qin,Gansu and Jin regions is the greatest,which may be related to the local"Great Wall culture".But qilu Yanzhao area,zhongzhou area due to the proximity of Wu yue,the melody changes little.