新型工农城乡关系:从“以工促农”到“工农互促”的战略转变与动力机制

The New Relationship between Industry and Agriculture:The Strategic Transformation from“Using Industry to Promote Agriculture”to“Ensuring Industry and Agriculture Promote Each Other”and the Motivation Mechanisms Therein

构建新型工农城乡关系是建设社会主义现代化的必由之路。从"以工促农"到"工农互促"的战略转变是当前新型工农城乡关系区别于传统工农城乡关系的一大特征,这一政策的转变具有现实必然性。"工农互促"在中国的实践具有地域差别,其关键在于实现城乡生产要素的双向自由流动。工农关系、城乡关系更多时候表现为产业关系,这也使得建立"工农互促"的新型工农城乡关系面临一系列困境。如工农产业关联存在链接"断点"、产业结构亟待优化升级,城乡联动互促尚未形成、生产要素自由流动受限,农业农村人才缺乏、农业转移人口市民化滞后等。因此,新型工农城乡关系需要以新思维寻求新突破,不断构建"工农互促"实现的动力机制。在这一过程中,应加强顶层设计,优化"工农互促"的市场环境;促进城乡产业转型和消费升级;构建"城—镇—村"融合共生体系,强化城乡空间辐射;加大人才激励机制,畅通城乡人才流动渠道。

A new relationship between industry and agriculture is necessary for developing socialist modernization.The strategic change from“using industry to promote agriculture”to“ensuring industry and agriculture promote each other”crystalizes the new and traditional relationship between industry and agriculture,and between urban and rural areas.This policy change was promoted by the real situation and was inevitable.The practice of“ensuring industry and agriculture promote each other”in China has regional differences.The key is to forge the two-way free flow of production factors in urban and rural areas.The relationship between industry and agriculture and the urban-rural relationship are more often expressed as a relationship between industries.The current“ensuring industry and agriculture promote each other”is facing a series of difficulties,such as the existence of the breakpoint in the link of industry and agriculture,the industrial structure yet to be improved and upgraded,the inadequate urban-rural linkage,the restricted flow of production factors,the shortage of agricultural and rural talents,and urbanization lagging behind.Therefore,there should be a new way of thinking for the new relationship of industry and agriculture.We should strengthen the top-level design,improve the market environment for mutual promotion between industry and agriculture,facilitate the domestic circulation,transform urban and rural industries and upgrade consumption,build a“city-town-village”integration and symbiosis system,and increase the incentive for the flow of urban and rural talents.