什么样的政企关系能够吸引和留住企业?——基于模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)

What Kind of Government-enterprise Relationship Can Attract and Retain Enterprises?——Based on Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(fsQCA)

在中国经济转型过程中,各地区出现引进企业难,留住企业更难的现象。探究政企关系要素的耦合对地区企业保有量的影响,有助于揭示中国地方政府吸引留住企业、实现高企业保有量的多元路径及其作用机理。基于政府能力、产业规模、监督力量、政府干预方式、政府干预程度、经济发展速度6个政企关系要素,采用2010-2019年31个省的政企关系数据进行组态分析,探索政企关系多要素和地区企业保有量之间的因果关系,以及产生高或非高企业保有量的政企关系演化过程。结果表明:单个政企关系要素并不是产生高企业保有量的必要条件;由8个二阶组态构成的四类政企关系都能产生高企业保有量,分别为产业主导下的弱合作或弱合谋政企分治、政府企业共同主导下的政企合作或政企合谋、政府主导下的弱政企合作、政府辅助下的弱政企合作,同时得出4种产生非高企业保有量的政企关系;发现随着政府行为从地方政府竞争——政府让位于市场——政府与市场协作进行演变的同时,产生高企业保有量的政企关系从政府企业共同主导下的政企合作或政企合谋——政府主导下的弱政企合作、政府辅助下的弱政企合作——产业主导下的弱合作政企分治过渡和演变。

In the current context of China’s economic transformation, it is difficult to introduce and more difficult to retain enterprises in various regions of China. To study the influences of the coupling of government-enterprise relationship factors on regional firm ownership is helpful to reveal the multiple paths and mechanism for local governments to attract and retain enterprises and achieve high enterprise retention. Six factors, including government capacity, industrial scale, supervision power, government intervention mode, government intervention degree and economic development speed, are identified as the antecedents of government enterprise relationship, and their combination has a systematic impact on enterprise ownership. Based on the data of government-enterprise relationship in 31 provinces from 2010 to 2019, this paper conducts configuration analysis to explore the causal relationship between multiple factors of government-enterprise relationship and regional enterprise retention, and the evolution process of government-enterprise relationship that produces high or non-high enterpriseretention. The results showed that: a single factor of the government-enterprise relationship is not a necessary condition for a high number of enterprises. the four types of government-enterprise relations composed of 8 second-order configurations can produce high enterprise retention, which are industry-led weak cooperation or weak collusion between government and enterprise separation, Government-enterprise cooperation or government-enterprise collusion under the joint leadership of government enterprises, Government-led weak government-enterprise cooperation, Government-assisted weak government-enterprise cooperation. At the same time, four kinds of government-enterprise relations that produce non-high enterprise retention are obtained. It is found that with the evolution of government behavior from local government competition to government giving way to market, to government-market collaboration, the government-enterprise relationship with high enterprise retention has evolved from government-enterprise cooperation or collusion under the joint leadership of government and enterprises, to weak government-enterprises cooperation under the guidance or assistance of government, to government-enterprise separation with weak cooperation under the guidance of industry.