圆明园景观遗产中桥梁景观研究

The Bridge Landscape in Old Summer Palace Landscape Heritage

中国古典园林体系中,桥梁及其景观的设计独树一帜,在漫长的园林发展过程中不仅结合了古代自然观和人文观,还形成了独特的表现手法和建造技巧。圆明园作为清代艺术成就极高的皇家园林,汇聚了我国古典园林累积的造桥智慧。该文首先归纳了我国古典园林中桥梁的演变,然后以圆明园四十景图和样式雷图档为主要研究资料,分析圆明园桥梁所在位置、材料、形式和立意的基础上,对圆明园桥景造景要素及其桥景类别进行梳理;最后对圆明园桥景在现代造园上的意义与传承进行分析,以期为后续研究圆明园景观遗产或对园林中桥景的设计提供参考。

In the Chinese classical garden system,the bridge and its landscape design is unique,in the long process of garden development,it not only combined with the ancient view of nature and humanity,but also formed a unique expression and construction techniques.As a royal garden with high artistic achievements in the Qing dynasty,the Old Summer Palace brings together the wisdom of building Bridges accumulated in China’s classical gardens.In this paper we first summarize the evolution of Bridges in Chinese classical gardens,and then summarize the location,material,form and category of Bridges in the Old Summer Palace by taking the forty views of the Old Summer Palace and the style of Lei Tu file as the main research materials.Secondly,we comb the elements and categories of the Old Summer Palace bridge landscape.Finally,we analyze the significance and inheritance of the Old Summer Palace bridge landscape in modern garden construction,we hpoe to provide reference for the follow-up research and the design of bridge landscape in landscape design.