我国政法教育的变迁与展望

Changes and Prospects of Political Science and Law Education in China

政法教育形成于1950年代,基于巩固新生政权的需要,它为政法工作培养专门干部。与政法工作强调政治性一样,政法教育是强调政治性的法学教育,非常重视党的政治路线和组织纪律教育。改革开放后,法学教育日趋强调专业化、职业化。20世纪80年代,仍继续强调政治性。这与当时的社会治安形势及“严打”刑事政策有一定关系。1990年代以后,政治性在政法教育中日渐淡出,法学教育趋向服务市场经济的专业化。新时代的治国理政,在法治领域创造了一系列新实践,法治思维和法治方式运用深入政治领域,国家和社会治理广泛纳入全面依法治国范畴,涉外法治深度关联国际政治、国际关系。这些实践造就了强调政治性的大法治工作格局,对法学教育提出了新要求,催生了新政法教育。党内法规学、纪检监察学、国家安全学、社会治理法学等新学科应运而生,人权法学、知识产权法学等学科应需更新。新政法教育与专业化法学教育并行,扩展了法学教育的领地。

Political science and law education was formed in the 1950s.Based on the need of consolidating the new political power,which trains special personnel for political and legal work.As political and legal work emphasizes politics,political science and law education is a legal education that emphasizes politics,and attaches great importance to the education of the Party’s political line and organizational discipline.After the reform and opening up,legal education has increasingly emphasized specialization and professionalization.However,in the 1980s,it continued to emphasize politics,which was related to the social security situation and the criminal policy of Crack-down Campaign against Crime at that time.Since the 1990s,politics has gradually faded out in political science and law education,and legal education has moved towards the professional road of serving the market economy.The governance in the new era has created a series of new practices in the field of rule of law.The thinking and mode of rule of law are applied in the political field.National and social governance has been widely incorporated into the scope of comprehensively administering the country according to law.The rule of law concerning foreign affairs is deeply related to international politics and international relations.These practices have created a great rule of law work pattern emphasizing politics,put forward new requirements for legal education,and gave birth to a new political science and law education.New disciplines such as CPC law,discipline inspection and supervision,national security and social governance law came into being,and disciplines such as human rights law and intellectual property law developed with social needs.The new political science and law education and specialized legal education go hand in hand,expanding the territory of legal education.