上颌侧切牙先天缺失的影像学分析

Clinical Analysis of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis

目的:应用曲面断层技术探讨上颌侧切牙先天缺失的发生率和影像学特征,分析上颌侧切牙先天缺失的分布规律及影像学特点。方法:收集笔者医院2020年1月-2021年6月就诊的儿童口腔科患者的曲面断层片,共纳入25 556张,观察记录上颌侧切牙先天缺失的发生情况,应用SPSS24.0统计软件分析所得的数据。结果:上颌侧切牙先天缺失的发生率为0.78%(200/25 556),男性(114例)多于女性(86例),但性别间差异无统计学意义(P=0.230);上颌侧切牙缺失1颗者占74.50%,左上颌侧切牙缺失119颗,略少于右侧的132颗,差异无统计学意义(P=0.410)。单侧缺失149例,明显多于双侧缺失51例,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论:先天性上颌侧切牙缺失会引起各种美学和功能问题,上颌侧切牙先天缺失可能导致中切牙之间有缝隙,中切牙和尖牙之间出现间隙,尖牙近中移动,单侧缺失时中线偏移。应用曲面断层技术进行检查,可早期发现牙齿先天缺失,早期干预,设计合理的治疗方案。

Objective To investigate the incidence and imaging characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA)by performing panoramic radiographs and to analyze the distribution and imaging feature of them.Methods A total of 25 556 panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients who were admitted to the hospitals from January 2020 to June 2021 were reviewed.The presence of MLIA were recorded.SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence of MLIA was 0.78%(200/25 556).MLIA in boys (114 subjects) was more than in girls (86 subjects),but there was no statistical difference between the genders (P=0.230).One of MLIA accounted for 74.50% of our subjects.The left maxillary lateral incisor was missing 119 teeth,slightly fewer than the 132 on the right,and the difference between the jaws was not statistically significant (P=0.410).Unilateral deletion (149 subjects) was significantly more than bilateral deletion (51 subjects),and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000).Conclusion MLIA can cause a variety of aesthetic and functional problems.MLIA may lead to gaps between central incisors,gaps between central incisors and canines,near center movement of canines,and midline deviation in unilateral agenesis.The application of panoramic radiograph technique can detect the congenital tooth loss early and design a reasonable treatment plan.