长三角区域劳动力市场一体化发展的问题分析与建议

Analysis and Thinking of the Evolution Trend,Main Bottlenecks about Labor Market Integration in the Yangtze River Delta

长三角区域要素市场中,劳动力市场化改革滞后于商品、资本市场,且劳动力市场的分割指数较大。劳动力市场呈现出“招工难”与“就业难”矛盾并存、流动人口的人力资本存量省市间差异显著、“收敛”与“发散”趋势并存、工资差距未现明显收敛等演变态势,同时也存在差异化的经济发展水平、不合理的产业结构、歧视性的户籍制度、分割的就业壁垒、不同的社会保障体系等主要瓶颈。基于此,本文在廓清劳动力市场一体化内涵释义、总结国外劳动力市场一体化模式与经验的基础上,针对长三角劳动力市场一体化发展面临的问题与困难,结合长三角区域一体化战略目标,提出了具有针对性的思考和实践举措。

In the Yangtze River Delta regional factor market,the labor marketization reform lags behind the commodity and capital markets,the labor market has a large segmentation index.The labor market shows evolutionary trends including the coexistence of"difficulties in recruiting"and"difficulties in employment",the significant differences on human capital stock of the floating population between cities,the coexistence of"convergence"and"divergence"trends and the lack of obvious convergence of wage gaps.At the same time,there are also major bottlenecks such as differentiated economic development levels,unreasonable industrial structure,discriminatory household registration system,segmented employment barriers and different social security systems.This article clarifies the interpretation of the connotation of labor market integration,summarizes foreign labor market integration patterns and experiences,addresses the problems and difficulties during the development of labor market integration,and combines the integrated strategic goals of the Yangtze River Delta region,and then proposes targeted thinking and practice measures.