清代川陕总督建置演变探析

The Evolution of the Governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi in Qing Dynasty

总督制是清代地方行政的重要制度之一。传统研究对于总督制度的讨论视角往往局限于乾隆朝以来所确定的"八大总督"的格局,以此为基础进行宏观、线性的梳理,未能将讨论代入到制度的关系与过程之中,因而忽略了这一制度形成过程中的有机与动态。本文所讨论的川陕总督,在清朝初期发挥着巨大功用,几乎贯穿了清前期总督定位调整变动的全部历程。在乾隆朝定格总督部署格局之后,川陕总督这一职务遭到拆分,因而通常被既往的总督研究所忽略,将其简化为四川总督和陕甘总督形成过程中的临时形态,从而忽略这一职务在清前期所扮演的重要角色。本文试图通过对这一职务的设置、调整、变动进行还原梳理,以期深化学界对总督制度的形成过程的认知。

The governor system was one of the most important administrative system in the Qing Dynasty.Now previous perspective for the governor system is often based on Qianlong Dynasty“eight governor”pattern,often fails to discuss the relationship and process of the system.The governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi discussed in this paper played a great role in the early Qing Dynasty,and almost ran through the whole process of the adjustment of the governor’s position in the early Qing Dynasty.However,after the Qianlong Dynasty fixed the arrangement of governor,the post of Sichuan-Shaanxi governor was divided,so it was usually ignored by the previous research,and was often simplified to a temporary form.This paper attempts to clarify the establishment and adjustment of the post in order to deepen the academic cognition of the formation process of the governor system.