拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的毒性和影响

Toxicity and sublethal effects of pyrethroids on honey bees

蜜蜂是最重要的农业授粉昆虫之一,蜜蜂在授粉过程中极有可能接触到广泛使用的广谱杀虫剂-拟除虫菊酯,大多数拟除虫菊酯对蜜蜂等农业授粉昆虫有较高的毒性。本文对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的作用机理进行了综述;总结了蜂群及蜂产品中拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的残留现状、拟除虫菊酯对蜜蜂的急性毒性以及亚致死效应,讨论了拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂复配农药对蜜蜂的影响。认为:一方面要加强害虫的综合防控和绿色防控手段,用环境友好型的生物农药替换化学农药,合理科学地使用;另一方面,应加速研发高效防治靶标害虫以及对蜜蜂低毒或无毒的高度选择性杀虫剂,以保障蜜蜂授粉安全。

Honey bees are among the most important pollinators in agriculture. Pyrethroids are an important class of broad-spectrum insecticides that are often highly toxic to pollinators such as honey bees. This article summarizes the mode of action of pyrethroids to insects. Reports of pyrethroid residues in colonies and hive products, the acute toxicity of these compounds to honey bees, and their sublethal effects are reviewed. The effects of mixed-pesticide formulations containing pyrethroids on honey bees are discussed. Therefore, to ensure the safe of honey bee pollination, strengthening the comprehensive and green means of pest control, replacing chemical pesticides with environment-friendly biological pesticides, and using reasonably and scientifically are necessary;accelerating the research and development of insecticides with high efficiency to target pests and those with highly selective to pests but low or non toxic to honey bees are needed too.