南滇池国家湿地公园外来园林植物生态风险评价

Ecological risk assessment of exotic garden plants in South Dianchi National Wetland Park

【目的】通过构建南滇池国家湿地公园外来园林植物生态风险评价体系,推进外来园林植物的有效判定、有利运用和有别管控,探讨国家湿地公园前期建设中存在外来植物科学防控问题,为各类生态湿地公园的建设和发展提供参考。【方法】对南滇池国家湿地公园园林植物物种组成和外来植物入侵现状进行全面普查,通过文献研究和专家咨询,构建南滇池国家湿地公园外来园林植物生态风险评价体系,采用层次分析法确定评价指标权重、植物入侵风险值、风险等级并提出管控建议。【结果】(1)该评价体系设立3个一级指标(指标权重分别为70%、10%和20%)、11个二级指标和39个三级指标。(2)南滇池国家湿地公园共有植物188种,其中外来园林植物57种,占公园植物总种数的30.3%;外来园林植物中,高风险、中风险和低风险植物分别为8、20、29种,分别占外来园林植物总种数的14.0%、35.1%和50.9%。【结论】南滇池国家湿地公园外来园林植物种类多、范围广、危害程度不一。对高风险植物,建议实施阶段性清除并用乡土植物替换;对中风险植物,建议加强防治并长期密集监控;对低风险植物,建议保留原有生态位并进行监控和管理。

【Aim】 We developed an ecological risk assessment system for exotic garden plants, promoting effective judgment, beneficial usage, and differentiated management and control of these species. We used this system in the early construction of the national wetland park and provided references for future development of other ecological wetland parks. 【Method】 A comprehensive survey was conducted on the plant species composition and current situation of exotic plant invasion in South Dianchi National Wetland Park. Through literature research and expert consultation, an ecological risk evaluation system for exotic garden plants in South Dianchi National Wetland Park was developed. The index weight was determined using the analytic hierarchy process, plant risk value was determined after the evaluation, risk level was divided, and management and control suggestions were proposed. 【Result】(1) The evaluation system established 3 primary indicators with weights of 70%, 10% and 20%.(2) There were 188 species of plants in South Dianchi National Wetland Park, of which 57 species were exotic, accounting for 30.3% of all plant species in the park;8, 20, and 29 species were high-, medium-, and low-risk plants, respectively, accounting for 14.0%, 35.1%, and 50.9% of the total number of exotic garden plants, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Exotic garden plants in South Dianchi National Wetland Park are diverse and extensive, with varying degrees of harm. Phased removal is recommended, and high-risk plants should be replaced with native plants. Enhanced control and long-term intensive monitoring are recommended for medium-risk plants. For low-risk plants, it is suggested to retain the primary ecological niche and conduct monitoring and management.