我国外来入侵物种防控标准体系建设现状及建议

Prospects for a standardised system for the prevention and control of invasive alien species in China

本文系统分析了近年来国际组织、区域性组织和我国外来入侵物种防控标准的制定情况及标准体系建设现状。分析结果表明:在国际上以CBD、WTO-SPS等国际规则为依据,审定通过44个国际植物检疫措施标准(ISPMs);南美洲植保委员会(COSAVE)、欧洲地中海植保组织(EPPO)、北美植保组织(NAPPO)制定了400多个地区标准;我国现有外来入侵物种防控相关标准620余项,尤其"十三五"期间,新制定标准269项,其中,国家标准105项、行业标准118项、地方标准46项。这一系列标准的制定发布,确保了我国农业生产安全、生态安全和可持续发展,但仍存在外来物种风险等级划分、检测鉴定、调查监测、综合防控等技术标准不健全等突出问题。构建涵盖外来物种引入、风险评估、早期监测预警、灭除与控制及生态修复全过程标准体系,满足我国外来物种入侵防控工作需要,有利于提高行业管理部门的工作效率,指导全国科学开展外来入侵物种防控工作。

We systematically analyzed the current standards for controlling alien invasive species and standard building systems,including those of international and regional organizations,in China.Based on international regulations such as the CBD and WTO-SPS,44 international standards for phytosanitary measures have been approved.More than 400 regional standards have been published by local plant protection organizations,including the South American Plant Protection Commission,the European Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization,and the North American Plant Protection Organization.China has established 620 related standards for preventing and controlling invasive alien species,particularly during the"13 th Five-Year Plan"period,and has achieved 269 of these standards.According to the different standards systems,there are 105 national,118 industry,and 46 local standards.The existing standards help to ensure the safety of agricultural production,ecological safety,and sustainable development in China.However,there exist various gaps in the technical standards in risk classification,detection and identification,investigation and monitoring,prevention and control.Therefore,a comprehensive invasive alien species prevention and control standard system should be established.This standard system should cover the entire control process,including introduction,risk assessment,early monitoring and warning,extermination and control,and ecological restoration to minimise the harm caused by alien species.